MUST, HAVE TO, IMPERATIVE

IN REPORTED SPEECH
GROUP 6
ANDHIKA DAFFA
ENRICO ARO REVA
FAUZAN ADRIAN
HUSNAN MALIK Z
IZZAT ALWI ALAYDRUS
MUHAMMAD RAIHAN AQSO
What is Reported Speech ?

■ Indirect speech is also known as reported speech, indirect narration, or indirect

discourse. In grammar, when you report someone else's statement in your own
words without any change in the meaning of the statement, it is called indirect
speech.
MUST IN REPORTED SPEECH

■ Must is a somewhat strong word that means required, non-optional or mandatory. If

you enter a room saying "I must have a chair" you will come of as demanding. So if
you are telling unfamiliar people that you "must" have something, you risk sounding
impolite.
■ Had to is a bit softer and somewhat more polite, and should -
while should means recommended but optional - is even more polite.

■ So, we can change must with had to in reported speech

MUST ( FORMULA)
HAVE TO IN REPORTED SPEECH

■ We can change have to with had to. Why ? Because have and had are the same
words but with the different time, have in the present and had in the past. So this is
similar with must.
IMPERATIVE IN REPORTED SPEECH

■ Imperatives in reported speech are a little different than sentences. Imperatives can be used when
we give orders and we can also use them to make requests.
For imperatives, we use "ask/tell somebody to do something".
Compare these two sentences and how they are used in reported speech.
Statement: "It is good."
Reported Speech: He said that it is good.
Imperative: "Come here."
Reported Speech: She told me to come here.
So, we use "ask/tell + to + verb" to report a command or imperative."Be quiet."
The teacher told the students to be quiet.
■
"Sit down."
My boss told me to sit down.
■
"Wake up early."
She told me to wake up early.
■
"Please stop it."
He asked her to please stop it.
■
"Bring it, please."
He asked her to bring it, please.
■ Note: Use "tell" for orders and use "ask" for polite requests
■ For negative imperatives, we use "not to + verb". However, you will often hear native speakers say
"to + not + verb"."Don't do that."
She told me not to do that.
■
"Do not talk."
She told us not to talk.
■
"Please do not be late."
She asked me not to be late.
■
"Don't be noisy."
I told her not to be noisy.
■ Note: Did you see the difference with negative imperatives with adjectives? Look at the last two
examples. We leave out the verb "do".
IMPERATIVE

■ Direct: The old woman said to the boy, ‘Please help me.’
Indirect: The old woman requested the boy to help her.
Direct: I said to him, ‘Love and obey your parents.’
Indirect: I advised him to love and obey his parents. OR I advised that he should love
and obey his parents.
Direct: The teacher said to the students, ‘Work hard.’
Indirect: The teacher advised the boys to work hard. OR The teacher suggested that
the boys should work hard.