United Nations Millennium

Development Goals & Population

Presentation
by
Deniz Susar

SOGA 6506 - Population Processes and Development Issues

Prof. Donald Heisel
Fall, 2008
Fordham University

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1. Background
2. MDGs & Population
3. Conclusion
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Background

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 International Conference on
Population & Development (ICPD)
Cairo 1994

179 countries approved a Programme of Action that

recommended a set of interdependent goals & objectives:

 universal access to education, with special attention to

closing the gender gap in primary and secondary education
 universal access to primary health care
 universal access to a full range of comprehensive
reproductive health care services, including family planning
 reductions in infant, child and maternal morbidity and
mortality
 increased life expectancy
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Millennium Development Goals

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Population is directly related to:

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and indirectly related to:

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“The Millennium Development Goals, particularly
the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, cannot
be achieved ifquestionsofpopulationandreproductive
healtharenotsquarelyaddressed. And that means
stronger efforts to promote women’s rights, and
greater investment in education and health, including
reproductive health and family planning.”

UN Secretary-General Kofi A. Annan,

Message to the Fifth Asian and
Pacific Population Conference,
Bangkok, 16 December 2002

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 Countries
greatest levels of poverty
greatest need to achieve MDGs

Have
high birth rates rapidly
growing population

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World Population Growth 1750-2150

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Developing Countries – National Family Planning Programmes - Trend I

Countries where
Rapid decline
information &
in the
contraceptives
birth rate
are available

Improvement in the economy,

Health of women & their families
Autonomy, education, status of women 11
Developing Countries – National Family Planning Programmes – Trend II

Countries where
No decline in
many pregnancies
the birth rate
remain unwanted

Explosive growth of urban slums

Failure of the state to keep pace with educational demands
Continuing oppression of women 12
The evidence is overwhelming

the MDGs are difficult or

impossible to
achieve with the current levels of
population growth in the least
developed
countries and regions
The UN has approved a new MDG
target in 2008

Target 1:
Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio

Target 2:
Achieve universal access to reproductive
health

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 MDGs
&
Population
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 Target 1:
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of
people whose income is less than $1 a day

Target 2:
Achieve full and productive employment and decent
work for all, including women and young people

Target 3:
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of
people who suffer from hunger

Target1 Target3

The rapid pace of population No guarantee that food production

growth in much of Africa and
some other parts of the world
means, despite global efforts,
we are not even succeeding in
keeping the numbers living in
extreme poverty stable
will keep pace with the addition of
the next three billion people in the
first half of the twenty-first century
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 Target:
Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and
girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of
primary schooling

Number of school
High population
age children
growth continues
doubles every 20 years

Extra 2 million
teachers/year
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required just to stand still
 Target:
Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary
education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of
education no later than 2015

The ability of women to control their own

fertility is absolutely fundamental to
women’s empowerment and equality

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Adolescent Maternal
Pregnancy Deaths

Childhood
Mortality 19
 Target:
Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the
under-five mortality rate

MAJORCASUSES

HIGH FERTILITY

REDUCED ACCESS TO SAFE

DRINKING WATER

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 Target 1:
Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio

Target 2:
Achieve universal access to reproductive health

 Every minute a woman dies in pregnancy or childbirth, over

500,000 every year
 Maternal mortality is the largest health inequity in the
world; 99 per cent of maternal deaths occur in developing countries
— half of them in Africa
 A woman in Niger faces a 1 in 7 chance during her lifetime of
dying of pregnancy–related causes, while a woman in Sweden has 1

chance in 17,400
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 An unmet need for family planning
undermines achievement of several other
goals

Reducing Child
Mortality

Hunger and
Malnutrition

Primary Education
Enrollment

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 Target 1:
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread
of HIV/AIDS

Target 2:
Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for
HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

Target 3:
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the
incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Population growth has a negative impact on gaining control

over the spread of HIV/AIDS through two main routes:

 Increased urbanization
 Persistence of poverty

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 Target 1:
Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country
policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental
resources

Target 2:
Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant
reduction in the rate of loss

Target 3:
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without
sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Target 4:
By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of
at least 100 million slum dwellers

As population grows, 2/3 of By 2007, half the world’s

world population will face population will live in towns
moderate to high water and cities
shortages by 2025
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Target 1:
Address the special needs of least developed
countries, landlocked countries and small island
developing states

Target 2:
Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-
discriminatory trading and financial system

Target 3:
Deal comprehensively with developing countries’ debt

Target 4:
In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies,
provide access to affordable essential drugs in
developing countries

Target 5:
In cooperation with the private sector, make available
benefits of new technologies, especially information
and communications

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Conclusion

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 Conclusion

1.Slower Population 2.Demographic

Growth Dividend

4.Invest in
Education
& Health 3.Economic
Progress
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 Conclusion
Governments should “meet the family planning
needs of their populations as soon as possible and
should, in all cases by the year 2015, seek to provide
universal access to a full range of safe and reliable
family-planning methods…”

International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of

Action para 7.16

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 Conclusion
 Poverty cannot and will not be eradicated
without achieving ICPD goals

 Universal access to education and

reproductive health care are crucial steps that
can help to eradicate poverty

 Meeting these ICPD goals will pave a straight

road directly toward reaching the MDGs

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Questions ?

Slide is available at:

http://www.slideshare.net/denizsusar/millenium-development-goals-population-presentation/

Deniz.Susar@gmail.com
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