Ilmu Bahan 1

Lecture 1
Introduction to Material Science and
Engineering

Arya Mahendra S & Andita Nataria F.G

Department of Mechanical Engineering
anditaganda@unesa.ac.id WA number: +886978869091
  Course Syllabus
 Course Overview
- Outline -  Pengenalan Ilmu Bahan
 Next Week: Lecture 2: Atomic Structure &
Bonding
  Text:
 “Materials Science and Engineering
– An Introduction” 8th Edition,
William D. Callister and David G.
Rethwisch, John Wiley & Sons (2010)

 Bisa download di mbah Google

Course Logistics  Other Text books:
– Syllabus  Ilmu dan Teknologi Bahan. Srieati Japri

Review  Introduction to Physical Metallurgy. Avner

Sidney H

 https://www.wiley.com/college/callister/
CL_EWSTU01031_S/vmse/index.htm

 Office hours will preferably be

right after lecture. Other times
can also be arranged if needed
 NA = 2P + 3T + 2UTS + 3UAS
Class 10%
Participation 10

Mini Quizzes 10% * Konversi Nilai Skala 0-100

(A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, D, E)

HW 30%
Syllabus Review, Assignments
* IP (Indeks Prestasi)
con’t Midterm 20%
IPS (Semester) & IPK (Kumulatif)

Final Exam 30% IP = ∑ KN = Jumlah Bobot SKS x skor

∑K Bobot SKS
  Homework: Will be passed out in class. Each student
will turn in homework one week. Students are
encouraged to work together on homework. Students
will be evaluated on both the quality of their written
answer and board presentations
 Exams: will be based on homework and information
Syllabus Review, provided in lecture and assigned reading. All exams
will be closed book
con’t  Design Presentation: The class will be divided evenly
into groups for a materials selection design project.
Projects for each group will be assigned by the
instructor. Each group will write on their respective
project, as well as make an oral presentation to the
class.
  Read the relevant material in the book (preferably
before the lecture topic)
 Review and understand the examples given in the book
 Do the assigned homework

Tips and Tricks  Come to office hours for seeking helps or discuss with
your friend

Man jadda wa jadda

  What is Material science???
 Definition 1: A branch of science that focuses on
materials; interdisciplinary field composed of physics
and chemistry

 Definition 2: Relationship of material properties to its

INTRODUCTION composition and structure

 What is a material scientist?

 A person who uses his/her combined knowledge of
physics, chemistry and metallurgy to exploit property –
structure combinations for practical use.
 What do we mean when we say “materials”?
1. Metals 2. Ceramics
- aluminum - clay
- copper - silica glass
- steel (iron alloy) - alumina
- nickel - quartz
- titanium
What are
materials? 3. Polymers
- polyvinyl chloride
4. Composites
- wood
(PVC) - carbon fiber
- Teflon resins
- various plastics - concrete
- glue (adhesives)
- Kevlar
 Classes of Materials
 Recall The Periodic Table of Elements
Polymers Ceramics
SemiConductors

Metals
 “There is adirect relationship between a material
synthesis & processing (post-manufacture), and its
internal microstructure and observable physical
properties and engineering performance”

Understand the
fundamental
concept of
Materials Science • Materials are ENGINEERED Structures
& Engineering • NOT Black Boxes
  Pick Application  Determines required
Properties
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

The Materials  Properties  identify candidate Material(s)

Selection Material: structure, composition
Process  Material  Identify required Processing
Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.
Length Scales of Material Science

 Atomic – < 10-10 m

 Nano – 10-9 m
 Micro – 10-6 m
 Macro – > 10-3 m
 Atomic Structure – 10-10 m
• Pertains to atom electron structure and
atomic arrangement
• Atom length scale
– Includes electron structure – atomic bonding
• ionic
• covalent
• metallic
• London dispersion forces (Van der Waals)
– Atomic ordering – long range (metals), short
range (glass)
• 7 lattices – cubic, hexagonal among most
prevalent for engineering metals and ceramics
• Different packed structures include: Gives total
of 14 different crystalline arrangements
(Bravais Lattices).
– Primitive, body-centered, face-centered
 Nano Structure – 10-9 m
• Length scale that pertains to
clusters of atoms that make up
small particles or material
features
• Show interesting properties
because increase surface area
to volume ratio
– More atoms on surface
compared to bulk atoms
– Optical, magnetic, mechanical
and electrical properties change
 Microstructure – 10-6
• Larger features composed of either nanostructured materials or
periodic arrangements of atoms known as crystals
• Features are visible with high magnification in light microscope.
– Grains, inclusions other micro-features that make up material
– These features are traditionally altered to improve material performance
 Macrostructure – 10-3 m

• Macrostructure pertains to
collective features on
microstructure level
• Grain flow, cracks, porosity
are all examples of
macrostructure features
 Metals

 May be Pure or Compounds (Alloys)

 Along with Polymers The Most Common Everyday Material
 Typically from the 1st Row of Transition Metals in Periodic
Table (Fe, Cu, Ni, etc.)
 Have LARGE Numbers of NonBound Electrons
 Makes them Good Electrical & Thermal CONDUCTORS
 Strong but Deformable (Ductile)
Ceramics
 Basic Composition is the
MINERAL Form of a Metal
 Very Few Metals Exist in
PURE Form in Nature
 Most That Do are Very Rare, e.g., Gold

 Ceramics are Compounds of Metals and

 Oxygen → Oxides (most Ceramics)
 Carbon → Carbides
 Nitrogen → Nitrides
Ceramics cont.

 Some Typical Properties

 HARD & BRITTLE
 HIGHEST Temperature Resistance
 Thoria (Thorium Oxide) Max Temp  3000 K
 Llttle Temperature-SHOCK Resistance
 Corrosion Resistant
 Electrically Resistive (Insulative)
 Difficult to Join
 Do Not Weld
Polymers cont.
 Some Typical Properties
 Very LightWeight
 Very Corrosion Resistant
 Best of ANY Class of Material
 Little, if any, Hi/Lo Temperature Resistance
 Little Structural Strength
 Very Deformable (ductile/flexible)
 Lowest $-Cost:Volume Ratio for Any
Class of Material
Other well
known
materials
SemiConductors
 May be made CONDUCTIVE or INSULATIVE (or Something
in-between) by the Addition of Miniscule Amounts of
IMPURITIES
 Current Techniques Allow Precise Control over the AMOUNT and
LOCATION of the Impurities

 Semiconductors are Very Important Electronic Device

Materials
Semiconductors cont.
 Most SOLID STATE (no moving parts)
Electronic Devices are Semiconductors
 Major applications for Semi Transistors
 Voltage Amplifiers
 On/Off switches
 Additional Advantage: Semiconductor
Electronic Devices can be constructed at
Extremely SMALL Scales
 SILICON is the Most Widely Used
 Composites
• Materials that Consist of
More than One Material Type
– Goal is to Combine the Best
Features of Multiple Materials
• Some Examples
– FiberGlass = Glass (ceramic) +
Polymer
• Strength + Flexibilty
– ReInforced Concrete = Steel +
Concrete
• Tension-Strength +
Compression-Strength
BioMaterials
 Defined as Those Materials Which
Are compatible with Human Tissue
 Classic Example = Stainless Steels
used For Bone repair (Screws,
Staples, Plates, Hip-Joints)
 At least a few of ALL other
Classes of Materials are
BioCompatible
 Including Silicon
Smart Materials
 Smart Materials  Materials That
Can Sense Changes in the
Environment and Respond with a Material
Shape/Property Change
 Example: "smart" materials that can be attached to, or
embedded in, structural systems
 enable the structure to sense disturbances, process the
information and through
commands to actuators, to accomplish
some beneficial reaction
 ALL of
engineering is
impacted by
Materials
Example of advance material