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Principles of Electronic
Communication Systems
Third Edition
Chapter 19
Optical Communication
Figure 19-1: The optical spectrum. (a) Electromagnetic frequency spectrum showing
the optical spectrum.
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies
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Figure 19-2: Illustrating reflection and refraction at the interface of two optical
materials.
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies
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Figure 19-7: A simple light transmitter with series amplitude modulator. Analog signals:
transistor varies its conduction and acts as a variable resistance. Pulse signals:
Transistor acts as a saturated on/off switch.
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies
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19-2: Optical
Communication Systems
Light Wave Communication in Free Space: Receiver
The modulated light wave is picked up by a
photodetector.
This usually a photodiode or transistor whose
conduction is varied by the light.
The small signal is amplified and then demodulated to
recover the originally transmitted signal.
Light beam communication has become far more
practical with the invention of the laser.
Lasers can penetrate through atmospheric obstacles,
making light beam communication more reliable over
long distances.
Figure 19-15: A step index cable cross Figure 19-16: Graded index cable
section. cross section.
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Figure 19-31: A typical laser driver circuit. (Courtesy Vitesse Semiconductor Corp.)
© 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies
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19-4: Optical Transmitters
and Receivers
Light Detectors
The receiver part of the optical communication system
consists of a detector that senses the light pulses and
converts them into an electrical signal.
This signal is amplified and shaped into the original
serial digital data.
The most critical component is the light sensor.
The most widely used light sensor is a photodiode. It is
a silicon PN-junction diode that is sensitive to light.