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Topic: 1
Introduction to community
pharmacy
( definitions, practice, ethics, communication
skills, and pharmacy design )
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• A pharmacy: is the health profession that links the
health sciences with chemical sciences and it is charged
with ensuring the safe and effective use of
pharmaceutical drugs..
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Pharmacy fields include:
1. Community pharmacy
7. Veterinary pharmacy
8. Military pharmacy
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Legislation
Pharmacists practicing at the pharmacy are
registered with a registering body.
Process of community pharmacy practice is
controlled by legislation.
Legislation classifies medicines according to:
o category of medicines that may be sold from
other outlets (such as drugstores) not only
pharmacies
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o category of medicines that may be sold after
being recommended by pharmacists
o category of medicines that require a
prescription
o category of medicines that are controlled (e.g.,
fentanyl, methadone).
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Actions of community pharmacists
in society
• Buying of medicines
• Storage of medicines in appropriate conditions
(temperature, humidity, cleanliness, stock monitoring)
• Dispensing of medicines
• Compounding and ensuring quality of compounded
products
• Patient medication review, advise patients on use of
medicines and participate in adverse drug reaction
reporting
• Ensuring rational and safe use of medicines by
patients
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• Monitoring of self-care, responding to symptoms and
identifying cases warranting referral
• Point-of-care testing
• Health promotion and promotion of healthy lifestyles
(nutrition, physical activity, smoking cessation, sexual
and reproductive health)
• Participating in national health service schemes to
provide social pharmacy services
• Other responsibilities: nutritional supplements, special
foods (e.g. gluten-free products, food for diabetic people), colostomy
care and urinary incontinence devices, disability and
mobility aids (e.g. wheelchairs, walking aids), oxygen supplies
and ventilation equipment, veterinary medicines.
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counseling and responsibilities of community
pharmacist
1. Counseling : drug related problems, proper use of OTC
and prescribed mediations, immunization schedule….
2. Pharmaco-epidimology: post marketing phase of
clinical trial of a drug, which concern with a new drug
safety after marking.
3. May involve in the control of diseases, by making
community a ware through counseling ( AIDS,TB, hepatitis….)
4. Encouraging patient to prevent them selves from
various chronic diseases by using proven techniques of
prevention (decrease risk of stroke by controlling BP) regular
intake of prescribed medicine, quitting smoking,
increase physical activity , lowering cholesterol intake
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5. May involve in patient health education through the
use of pamphlets and bulletins.
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Steps of dispensing a prescription in a
community pharmacy:
Receiving the prescription: At this stage,
communication and interaction with the pharmacy
staff take place
Reading and checking of prescription
-patient’s name and address
-age of patient if under 12 years
-name, dose and quantity of medicine
-Date
-prescriber’s name and address
-signature of prescriber
-legality and authenticity of document.
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Factors influencing health promotion
activities in community pharmacies
Positive factors
Environment within the pharmacy
Health promotion
Access to parts of the pharmacy
Communication skills of community pharmacy
Negative factors
Lack of resource materials
Lack of space
Lack of privacy
In appropriate time management of the pharmacy
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Communication with patient
• Patient counseling is undertaken by pharmacists:
• during dispensing, in disease management, in providing
advice on self-care: advice on product selection and use,
non-drug , referral and health assessment.
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• Staff (personal): Training
• important aspects of developing an efficient
operating community pharmacy / proper training/
maintenance of employees.
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( Discussion should be on the basis: goals, expected
working hours, lunch brick, overtime safety
rules, telephone usage, vacation policy….)
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2. Pharmacist in relation to his trade:
• Price structure: fair/keeping with quality and
quantity.
• Fair trade practice: NO short prices, gifts, charging
lower prices than fellow pharmacist, NO copy of
labels, trademarks, and other signs and symbols of
other contemporaries.
• Purchase of drugs: purchase drug from genuine and
reputable source.
• Advertising and displays: (NO)misleading statements
or guarantee of therapeutic efficacy or take a
reference from medical team of hospital or a Dr
which not already established, offering prizes, ….
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3. Pharmacist in relation to medical profession
• Limitation of professional activity: which is diagnosis
diseases and prescribing medications/ in case of accidents
or emergency a pharmacist may, however render first aid
to patient.
• Secret arrangement: NO pharmacist should enter into a
secret arrangement or contract with a physician, to offer
him any commissions or any advantage by recommending
his drug store even his self to patients.
• Communication with public: being a link between medical
profession and people, a pharmacist always keep himself
updated by regularly reading books, journals… should
never disclose any information unless required the low.
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Community pharmacy management
1. Selection of site space layout and design
• During the selection of a site for new pharmacy
following factors should be considered:
a. A needy town or a city should be selected
b. Site should be most suitable among those available
pharmacies.
c. Site should be convenient and accessible to the
majority of consumers (center to population severed)
d. Pharmacy site should be equipped with adequate free
parking facility.
e. If possible, site should be in neighborhood of a
community shopping center for the convenience and
accessibility of the consumers 32
2. Plan of an ideal retail and whole sale drug store
• One of the main factors responsible for the success of a
drug store is location and proper layout design
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1. Personnel present: managing pharmacist,
pharmacists, technicians/ identifying training needs
and providing appropriate training
2. Buildings : areas available for dispensing, storage of
medicines, patient counseling.
3. Equipment: dispensing equipment, diagnostic
equipment for point-of-care testing (e.g. blood pressure
measurement, blood testing, urinalysis)
4. Documentation and information: registers to be
kept at the pharmacy, IT-supported systems for
documentation of pharmacist actions and for
maintaining pharmacy patient profiles, drug
information sources (books and electronic access).
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• Dispensary area
• Area should be spacious and designed in such a way as
to promote communication between pharmacist and
patient.
• Space should be available for patient advice and
counseling in privacy.
• Consultation areas should provide for space to carry
out point-of-care testing.
• Adequate facilities for dispensing must be provided –
cleanable floor and surfaces, adequate fixtures and
fittings, clean refrigerator with appropriate
temperature monitoring and control, clean sink, logical
layout of stock and a normal workflow.
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• The legal requirements for the establishment
of retail drug store are:
General licenses: granted to persons who
have the buildings for the business and the
services of a qualified person to supervise
the sale.
- Should be displayed in prominent place
- Should comply with provisions of drugs and cosmetics act and rules.
- Any change in qualified staff should be reported.
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Maintenance of various registers( records)
in community pharmacy
1. Legal records: disposition of drugs, distribution
of poison and hazardous substances
2. Patient record: patents drug history (type and
amount)/ reducing drug problems and
interactions
3. Financial records: loans, expenses, income….
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Using computer in community pharmacy
Functions of computers in community pharmacy:
1. Systemic : preparation of prescription level, provide a
receipt for patient, calculation of total prescription cost,
order quantity….
2. Managerial: daily sales reports, sales and financial
analysis….
3. Professional: storing of information on drug and other
allergies of patients, drug-drug/food interactions, address
of physician and phone number.
4. Clinical support: patient education file, pharmacists
counseling activity, drug monitor.
5. Accounting and business management: record keeping/
analysis
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References:
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