Health and Illness

Chapter 4
Definitions
• Health: defined by each person

• WHO: “Health is a state of complete

physical, mental, and social well being, not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
• Disease: pathological change in structure
&/or function
• Illness: response of person to disease
 MODELS OF HEALTH &
ILLNESS
• Agent-Host- • Health Belief Model
Environment
• Health Promotion
• Health/Illness Model
Continuum

• High-Level Wellness
Model
 FACTORS AFFECTING
Health and Illness
• Physical Dimension
• Emotional Dimension
• Intellectual Dimension
• Environmental
Dimension
• Sociocultural
Dimension
• Spiritual Dimension
MORE….

• Basic Human Needs

• Self-Concept: incorporates how the person

feels about self AND the way he/she
perceives his/her physical self (self-esteem
and body image)
• Has both physical & emotional aspects
 Promoting Health
Preventing Illness
• Risk Factors:
– Age
– Genetics
– Physiologic
– Health habits
– Lifestyle
– Environment
Acute Illness

• Generally rapid onset of symptoms

• Last only relatively short time
Illness Behaviors
Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: Assuming sick role
Stage 3: Assuming dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery & rehab
 Chronic Illness

Physical and mental alterations in health

WITH one or more of the following:
• Permanent change
• Causes or is caused by, irreversible
alterations in normal anatomy and
physiology
• Requires special ed for rehab
• Requires long period of care or support
Levels of Preventative Care
• Primary preventative
care

• Secondary preventive
care

• Tertiary preventative
care