Cell Structure and

Organization
CELL THEORY
• All living organisms are composed of
cells. They may be unicellular or
multicellular.
•The cell is the basic unit of life.
•Cell arise from pre-existing cells. (They
are not derived from spontaneous
generation.)
Main Idea:
• A cell is composed of distinct organelles
that carry specific functions.
• All cells are composed of a living substance
called protoplasm.
• Protoplasm is a mixture of many
compounds forming a jellylike substance
where all the chemical activities take place.
CELL MEMBRANE
-Also known as plasma membrane, is a
double-layered membrane that
encloses the cell.
-Functions as the boundary between
the cell and its external environment.
CELL WALL
-An additional boundary
surrounding the cells of
plants, fungi, bacteria and
some protozoans.
CYTOPLASM
-forms the largest part of the
cell where most life processes
occur.
-made up of fluidlike substances
NUCLEUS
-a circular, dark-stained part
of protoplasm enclosed by a
nuclear membrane or
nuclear envelope.
NUCLEUS
-Controls all the activities of
the cell.
-it contains Deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA).
MITOCHONDRIA
-small, double-membrane,
spherical or sausage-shaped
organelles involved in the
production of energy.
MITOCHONDRIA
-The energy produced by the
mitochondria is important
for the vital activities of the
cell.(growth, reproduction)
PLASTIDS
-double-membrane
organelles found in plant
cells. Choloroplastids and
chloroplasts are the most
common plastids in green
plants. It contains green
pigments called chlorophyll.
Chloroplasts-are energy
capturing center in plants.
RIBOSOMES
-small granular structures
made up of RNA and DNA.
-produce proteins from RNA.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
-membranous structure forming
a network of canals through
which proteins and other
molecules are transported.
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
-organelle where most of the
ribosomes are attached.
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
-transports large
molecules inside the cell.
GOLGI APPARATUS OR
GOLGU COMPLEX
-Another membranous organelle
forming a stack of flattened sacs
located very close to the endoplasmic
reticulum.
GOLGI APPARATUS OR
GOLGU COMPLEX
-packages and sorts cell
products in its center.
VESICLES
-are organelles that carry
materials into and out of
the cell.
VACUOLES
-store food, enzymes and
other materials needed by
the cell.
LYSOSOMES
-contain different
hydrolytic enzymes, called
lysozymes.
LYSOSOMES
-digest bacteria, viruses,
complex food particles,
and damaged cell
components.
CYTOSKELETON
-bones and muscles of
cells.
PLANT CELL AND
ANIMAL CELL
Who Am I?
GOLGI APPARATUS OR
GOLGU COMPLEX
I am responsible to
package and sort cell
products.
 CYTOSKELETON
I am the bones and
muscles of cells.
 CELL MEMBRANE
I am the boundary
between the cell and its
external environment.
 CYTOPLASM
I form the largest part of the
cell where most life
processes occur.
 NUCLEUS
I control all the
activities of the cell.