POSITIVE ANGLE NEGATIVE ANGLE

e
j
d
k
c
g b

f a

n m

i
h o
l
 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑
𝟏. 𝑷 𝟔𝟔𝟎 𝟐
,−
𝟐

2. 𝑷 −𝟗𝟑𝟎𝟎 −
𝟑 𝟏
,
𝟐 𝟐

3.𝑷 𝟏, 𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟏 ,𝟎

4.𝑷 −𝟒𝟗𝟓 𝟎 −
𝟐
𝟐
,−
𝟐
𝟐
 𝟏𝟔𝝅 𝟏 𝟑
5. 𝑷 − ,−
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑
𝟗𝝅
6. 𝑷 − 𝟎 , −𝟏
𝟐
𝟏𝟗𝝅
7.𝑷 −
𝟐 𝟐
,
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝟕𝝅
8.𝑷 − 𝟑
,−
𝟏
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐
 𝒚
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
𝒓
𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
𝒓
(Unit Circle)
 7𝜋
Evaluate 𝑠𝑖𝑛 .
4
Suppose a regular hexagon of side length
1 unit is inscribed in a unit circle such
that two of its vertices are located on the
x-axis as shown. Determine the
coordinates of A, B, C, D, E and F.
 Is the set of all values of the angles in
which the trigonometric function is
defined.

 Is the interval of the values of the angle of

the function where the angle is defined.
 Is the distance from the midpoint to the
highest or lowest point of the function.

 Is the distance between any two repeating

points on the function.

 Is the amount of horizontal or vertical

displacement of the trigonometric
function from its original position.
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

Period: 𝟐𝝅
Amplitude: 1
Domain: −∞, ∞
Range: −𝟏, 𝟏
x-intercepts: 𝒌𝝅 where k is any integer
 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙

Period: 𝟐𝝅
Amplitude: 1
Domain: −∞, ∞
Range: −𝟏, 𝟏
𝝅
x-intercepts: 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏 where k is any integer
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙

𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
 SINE CURVE COSINE CURVE
i - intercept M - Maximum
M - Maximum i - intercept
i - intercep t m - minimum
m - minimum i - intercept
i - intercept M - Maximum
 i - intercept
M - Maximum
SINE CURVE i - intercep t
(0,0) (_,M) (_,0) m - minimum
(_,m) (_,0) i - intercept

M - Maximum
COSINE CURVE
i - intercept
(0,M) (_,0) (_,m) m - minimum
(_,0) (_,M) i - intercept
M - Maximum
 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙

𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 − 𝒅
𝒚 = 𝒄 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝒚 = 𝒄 + 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒅
𝒚 = 𝒄 + 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙 − 𝒅
𝒂 affects the amplitude, range
𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 = 𝒂
𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 = − 𝒂 , 𝒂
𝒃 affects the period, x-intercepts
𝟐𝝅
𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒅 =
𝒃
𝒄 affects the range
𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 = 𝟏 + 𝒄, −𝟏 + 𝒄
𝒅 affects the x-intercepts
𝒙_𝒊𝒏𝒕 = 𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐠 𝐱_𝐢𝐧𝐭 + 𝒅
Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 2 sin 𝑥 − 4 .
Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = −3 + 2 cos 5𝑥 .
Equation Amplitude Range Period Vertical Horizontal
Shift Shift

𝑦 = sin(𝜃 + 3)
𝑦 = 2 cos 𝜃 + 4

𝑦 = 3 sin( 2𝜃 − 3) − 1

𝑦
= −3 scos( 3𝜃 + 𝜋)
+5

𝑦
𝜋
= −3 sin(4 𝜃 + ) − 6
2
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙
 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒙

Period: 𝟐𝝅
Domain: 𝒙 𝒙 ≠ 𝒌𝝅, 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁
Range: ൫−∞, −𝟏ሿ ∪ ሾ𝟏, ∞)
𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙
 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙

Period: 𝟐𝝅
𝝅
Domain: 𝒙 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏 ,𝒌 ∈𝒁
𝟐
Range: ൫−∞, −𝟏ሿ ∪ ሾ𝟏, ∞)
 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙

Period: 𝝅
𝝅
Domain: 𝒙 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟏 ,𝒌 ∈𝒁
𝟐
Range: −∞, ∞
 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙

Period: 𝝅
Domain: 𝒙 𝒙 ≠ 𝒌𝝅, 𝒌 ∈ 𝒁
Range: −∞, ∞
Cartesian Plane

(x , y)
abscissa ordinate
 Polar Plane

(r , 𝜽)
radial angular
coordinate coordinate
Cartesian Plane

(3,4)
Polar Plane

(5,53°)
 𝝅
𝑨 𝟑,
𝟑
𝟓𝝅
𝑩 𝟒,
𝟔
𝟕𝝅
𝑪 𝟐,
𝟔
𝟏𝟏𝝅
𝑫 𝟒,
𝟔
Is the polar representation of a point unique?
NO

𝝅
𝟒,
𝟒
𝟗𝝅
𝟒,
𝟒
−𝟕𝝅
𝟒,
𝟒
Can the radial coordinate r be negative?

YES
under the
assumption
that −𝒓, 𝜽
and 𝒓, 𝜽 ± 𝝅
are identical
𝝅
−𝟑,
𝟒
𝟓𝝅
= 𝟑,
𝟒
 𝒙 𝒚
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 =
𝒓 𝒓

Polar to Cartesian:
𝒙 = 𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝒚 = 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

Cartesian to Polar:
𝒓𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
−𝟏
𝒚
𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒙
Convert 𝟒, 𝟒 to polar coordinates.
Convert 𝟓, 𝝅 to Cartesian
coordinates.