Salient Points

• Phagocyte- a cell that engulfs and consumes

foreign materials.
• Pseudopodium- a temporary protusion
process of the cytoplasm of a cell. It is an
organ for locomotion.
• Phospholipid- phosphorus containing complex
lipids. It is a major constituents of cell.
• Lipid- made up of protein and carbohydrate
that constitutes the principal structural
component of living cells.
Salient Points
• Good Cholesterol- known as HDL (High
Density Lipoprotein). It reduces the risk of
Atherosclerosis.
• Bad Cholesterol- known as LDL (Low Density
Lipoprotein)
• Glycolipid- lipid with carbohydrates
• Glycoprotein- conjugated protein with
carbohydrate as non protein group.
• Epinephrine- pressure raising
hormone,produces in adrenal gland.
 Model of Plasma Membrane Structure

The cell membrane functions as a semi-

permeable barrier, allowing very few molecules
across it while fencing the majority of
organically produced chemicals inside the cell.
 The most common
molecule in the
model is the
phospholipid, which
has a polar
(hydrophilic) head
and two nonpolar
(hydrophobic) tails.
 These are aligned tail to tail so
the nonpolar areas form a
hydrophobic region between the
hydrophilic heads on the inner &
outer surface of the membrane.
freeze-fracturing is able to split
the bilayer.
Cholesterol is embedded in the hydrophobic
areas of the inner region, which aids in the
flexibility of the membrane.
 Outer surface of the membrane (glycocalyx)
tend to be rich in glycolipids, & function in the
recognition of self.
 Folding of the membrane gives rise to microvilli,
for increasing surface area for transport.
TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
 - transfer of
molecules from an area of
higher kinetic energy to a
lower kinetic energy. Factors
affecting diffusion:
temperature, pressure,
presence of other solutes
The sodium-potassium pump: a specific case of active transport
 transfer of water molecules through a semi
permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute
concentration.

What is the direction of water movement?

Please
water
me!
transport is out of the cell
http://highered
.mcgraw-
hill.com/olc/dl/
120068/bio02.
swf
www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1.
html

http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_o
smosis_works.html -

http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter6/animations.html#