“DECODING”

A B C D E F G H

15 30 25 1 10 40 26 35
I J K L M N O P

11 26 17 19 6 14 56 31
Q R S T U V W X

12 90 67 89 57 3 5 18
Y Z

39 58
 CARRY OUT MENSURATION
AND CALCULATION

Karen V. Lat
 DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
▪ Within a computer, information is represented
and stored in a digital binary format.
▪ Bit – an abbreviation of binary digit and
represents the smallest piece of data.
▪ Humans interpret words and pictures;
computers interpret only patterns of bits.
 BIT
▪ Can only have two possible values, one (1) or zero
(0).
▪ A bit can be used to represent the state of
something that has two states. For example, a light
switch can be either On or Off; in binary
representation, these states would correspond to 1
and 0, respectively
▪ Each group of eight bits, such as the representations
of letters and numbers, is known as a byte.
 CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS
TO BINARY
▪ To convert a decimal number to binary, all you
have to do is divide the number by 2. Get the
quotient and the remainder. Bring down the
quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and
remainder again. Do it repeatedly until the
quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from
bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.
EXAMPLE: 25
Quotient Remainder
25/2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
½ 0 1

25 = 11001
 CHECKING
1 1 0 0 1 – multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 – equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 – results
16+8+1= 25
 CALCULATING DATA STORAGE
▪ While a bit is the smallest representation of data,
the most basic unit of digital storage is the byte.
▪ A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure
(UOM) used to represent data storage capacity.
▪ When referring to storage space, we use the terms
bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB),
gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).
▪1 KB = 1,024 bytes
▪1MB = 1,048,576 bytes
▪1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes
▪1 TB = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
▪ Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and
terabytes are typically used to measure the
size or storage capacity of a device.
Examples of components and devices that
use byte storage include: random access
memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs,
DVDs, and MP3 players
▪ Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is
possible to determine the number of bytes
being used. For example:

A file is 20KB in size

1KB = 1,024 bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1
MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then
approximately a total of 51 files can be
stored in that folder (1,048,576 / 20,480 =
51.2).
SEATWORK 1:
Direction: Convert the decimal numbers shown
below to binary. Perform checking to verify
answers.
1. 19
2. 28
3. 37
 SEATWORK 2:
Direction: Solve the problems indicated below.
Show your solution.
1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2
MB folder in your hard drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1
GB flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB avi files can be stored on a 4.3
GB DVD-R?