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RACK PIPING
By,
Akshaya Sharma
Associate Engineer
Piping Department
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Contents
INTRODUCTION
PIPE RACK
Pipe Rack design criteria
Shapes
Future Space
Width of Pipe Rack
Clearance
Pipe Rack Loading
RACK PIPING
Positions of Lines (Process & Utilities)
Hot Lines & Cold Lines
Bigger Size Lines
Pipe Spacing
Anchor Bay
Unit Battery Limit
Expansion Loops
Pipe Route
Trays 2
INTRODUCTION
A pipe rack is the main artery of a process unit. It connects all equip
ment with lines that cannot run through adjacent areas. Because it is
located in the middle of the most plants, the pipe rack must be erect
ed first, before it becomes obstructed by rows of equipment. Pipe ra
cks carry process, utility piping and also include instrument and elec
trical cable trays as well as equipment mounted over all of these.
Shapes
There are various shapes of pipe rack like L/T/U/H/Z. These s
hapes shall be considered based on the area available.
Future Space
The total width of the pipe rack shall include 25% extra space
for future expansion/modification in unit for rack-width upto
16m and 10% for rack-width above 16m. The future space %a
ge is normally based on the client requirements.
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RACK WIDTH SELECTION CRITERIA
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DIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKS
DEAD END YARD LINES ENTER & STRAIGHT THROUGH YARD LINES
LEAVE ONE END OF THE RACK CAN ENTER & LEAVE BOTH ENDS
OF THE RACK
L-SHAPED YARD LINES CAN ENTE T-SHAPED RACK PIPING CAN ENT
R & LEAVE NORTH & EAST OF TH ER & LEAVE THREE SIDES OF THE
E RACK RACK 7
DIFFERENT SHAPES OF PIPE RACKS
Clearance
For units, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be 4m
minimum both in longitudinal and transverse
directions.
For Offsite, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be
2.2m minimum both in longitudinal and transverse
directions.
Road clearance shall be 7m for main road and 5m for
secondary road.
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PIPE RACK LOADING
Thermal Laod
Load by thermal expansion of piping & Reaction force b
y internal pressure of expansion bellows
Dynamic Laod
Load by vibration of piping & by wind and earthquake
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RACK PIPING
Position of Lines
Predominantly process lines are to be kept at lowe
r tier and, utility & hot process lines on upper tier.
Pipe Spacing
Minimum spacing between adjacent lines shall be decided b
ased on O.D. of bigger size flange (minimum rating 300# to
be considered), O.D. of the smaller pipe, individual insulati
on thickness and additional 25mm clearance. Even if flange
is not appearing the min. spacing shall be based on above b
asis only. Actual line spacing, especially at ‘L’ bend and loo
p locations, shall take care thermal expansion/thermal contr
action/non-expansion of adjacent line. Non-expansion/the
rmal contraction may stop the free expansion of the adjacen
t line at ‘L’ bend location.
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RACK PIPING
Anchor Bay
Anchors on the racks are to be provided on the anchor bay
if the concept of anchor bay is adopted. Otherwise anchor
shall be distributed over two to three consecutive bays.
Anchors shall be provided within unit on all hot lines leavi
ng the unit.
Pipe Route
Racks shall be designed to give the piping shortest possible
run and to provide clear head rooms over main walkways,
secondary walkways and platforms.
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RACK PIPING
Trays
Generally top tier is to be kept for Electrical cable trays (if
not provided in underground trench) and Instrument cable
ducts/trays. Cable tray laying to take care of necessary clea
rances for the fire proofing of structure.
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RACK PIPING
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RACK PIPING
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RACK PIPING
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EXPANSION LOOPS
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EXPANSION LOOPS
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PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA
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PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA
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PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA
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PIPE RACK DESIGN CRITERIA
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THANK YOU
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