Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Simple Stresses
Introduction
• Mechanics of materials or Mechanics of solids is a branch of
applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies
subjected to various types of loading.
this deformation.
• Where
• 𝐴 = Cross-sectional area
Units of Stress
• The unit of stress depends upon the unit of applied force
• 1 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡² = 1 𝑃𝑠𝑓
𝑃𝑠𝑖.
Types of Stresses
• There are three types of simple stress namely;
1. Normal stress
2. Shearing stress
3. Bearing stress
Normal stress
• When the resisting area is perpendicular to the applied
• Tensile stress
• Compressive stress
Tensile stress
• The stress induced in a body by a force that act
𝑃 𝑃
Compressive stress
• The stress induced in a body by a force that act
𝑃 𝑃
Procedure for stress analysis
1. If necessary, find the external reactions using a free-body
diagram (FBD) of the entire structure.
2. Compute the axial force “P” in the member using the method of
sections.
𝑃
𝜎=
𝐴
Pb#01: Find the minimum diameter of a steel wire which is support a
load of 4000 N if the stress in the wire is limited to 95 MPa.
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛
𝑃 = 4000 𝑁, 𝜎 = 95 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑊𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡;
𝑃
𝜎=
𝐴
4000
95 =
𝐴
4000
𝐴= = 42.105 𝑚𝑚2
95
𝐴 = 42.105 𝑚𝑚2
𝜋𝐷 2
𝑊𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡; 𝐴 =
4
𝜋𝐷 2
= 42.105 𝑚𝑚2
4
42.105 × 4
𝐷2 =
𝜋
𝐷 2 = 53.609
√𝐷 2 = √53.609
𝐷 = 7.321 𝑚𝑚
Pb#02: The bar ABCD in Fig. consists of three cylindrical steel
segments with different lengths and cross-sectional areas. Axial loads
are applied as shown. Calculate the normal stress in each segment.
𝐴 𝐷
𝐵 𝐶
1 2 3
From Section (1)
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
1.2 𝑖𝑛2
4000 𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 4000 𝑙𝑏 (𝑇)
𝐴
From Section (2)
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
1.8 𝑖𝑛2
1.2 𝑖𝑛2
4000 𝑙𝑏 9000 𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝐵𝐶 = 5000 𝑙𝑏 (𝐶)
𝐴 𝐵
𝑃(𝑙𝑏)
4000 𝑙𝑏
𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
𝑥(𝑓𝑡)
𝐴
−5000 𝑙𝑏
−7000 𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝐴𝐵 4000
𝜎𝐴𝐵 = = = 3333.33 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (𝑇)
𝐴𝐴𝐵 1.2
𝑃𝐵𝐶 −5000
𝜎𝐵𝐶 = = = 2777.77 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (𝐶)
𝐴𝐵𝐶 1.8
𝑃𝐶𝐷 −7000
𝜎𝐶𝐷 = = = 4375 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (𝐶)
𝐴𝐶𝐷 1.6
Pb#03: Figure shows a two-member truss supporting a block of weight W.
The cross-sectional areas of the members are 800 mm2 for AB and 400
mm2 for AC. Determine the maximum safe value of W if the working
stresses are 110 MPa for AB and 120 MPa for AC.
Consider the free body diagram of point “A”
𝑦
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑊
0.866 𝑃𝐴𝐶 + 0.642 𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 𝑊 (𝑖𝑖)
From (i)
0.766
𝑃𝐴𝐶 = 𝑃𝐴𝐵
0.5
1.9687 𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 𝑊
𝑊
𝑃𝐴𝐵 = = 0.508 𝑊
1.9687
𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 0.508 𝑊
As we derived earlier
𝑃𝐴𝐶 = 1.532(0.508 𝑊)
𝑃𝐴𝐶 = 0.778 𝑊
𝑃
As we know that 𝜎=
𝐴
So;
𝑃𝐴𝐵
𝜎𝐴𝐵 =
𝐴𝐴𝐵
𝑃𝐴𝐵 0.508 𝑊
𝜎𝐴𝐵 = 110 =
𝐴𝐴𝐵 800
110 × 800
𝑊= = 173228.34 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 173.22 𝑘𝑁
0.508
And;
𝑃𝐴𝐶 0.778 𝑊
𝜎𝐴𝐶 = 120 =
𝐴𝐴𝐶 400
120 × 400
𝑊= = 61696.65 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 61.69 𝑘𝑁
0.778
The maximum safe value of W is the smaller of the two values namely,
W =61.69 kN
Pb#04: A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 80 mm must carry an
axial tensile load of 330 kN. Determine the smallest allowable outside
diameter of the tube if the working stress is 110 MPa.
80 𝑚𝑚 𝐷 =?
𝑃 = 330 𝑘𝑁
𝑃
We know that; 𝜎=
𝐴
330
110 =
𝐴
330 × 103
𝐴= = 3000 𝑚𝑚2
110
𝜋(𝐷 2 − 802 )
For the given hollow tube; 𝐴=
4
√𝐷 2 = √10219.709 𝐷 = 101.09 𝑚𝑚
1
Pb#05: The wood pole is supported by two cables of 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ diameter. The
4
turnbuckles in the cables are tightened until the stress in the cables
reaches 60,000 psi. If the working compressive stress for wood is 200 psi,
determine the smallest permissible diameter of the pole.
60° 60°
𝑃𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑠𝑡
𝑃𝑠𝑡 si𝑛 60° 𝑃𝑠𝑡 si𝑛 60°
60° 60°
𝑃𝑤𝑑
From the free body diagram it is clear that the horizontal components
cancels out each other so;
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑃𝑠𝑡
𝜎𝑠𝑡 = 𝑃𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 × 𝜎𝑠𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑡
2
𝜋 𝑑𝑠𝑡
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =
4
𝜋 0.25 2
𝐴= = 0.049 𝑖𝑛2
4
𝑃𝑤𝑑 = 5101.32 𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝑤𝑑 5101.32
𝜎𝑤𝑑 = = 200 =
𝐴𝑤𝑑 𝐴𝑤𝑑
5101.32
𝐴𝑤𝑑 = = 25.506 𝑖𝑛2
200
𝜋 𝑑𝑤𝑑 2 25.506 × 4
= 25.506 𝑑𝑤𝑑 2 = = 32.475
4 𝜋
𝜋 𝑑𝑤𝑑 2 𝜋 × 82
𝐴𝑤𝑑 = = = 50.26 𝑖𝑛²
4 4
𝑃𝑤𝑑
1000 =
50.26
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛
450 =
144
3
𝜃 = tan−1 = 30.96°
5
Consider the free body diagram
𝑇 𝑠𝑖𝑛30.96° 𝑇
𝑇 𝐶y
30.96° 5′ 5′
𝐶𝑥
𝐴 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠30.96° 𝐵 𝐶
6000 𝑙𝑏
Σ𝑀𝑐 = 0
𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛30.96° × 10 + 𝑇 × 5 − 6000 × 5 = 0
10.144𝑇 = 30000
30000
𝑇= = 2957.4 𝑙𝑏
10.144
Stress in the cable is given by
𝑇𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝜎𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 =
𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝜋𝐷 2 𝜋(0.62 )
𝐴𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = = = 0.2827 𝑖𝑛²
4 4
𝑇𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 2957.4 𝑙𝑏
2957.4
𝜎𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 =
0.2827