Ecological and economic model of the life

cycle of the residential buildings in Mumbai

on the basis of the concept of green
construction (GRIHA)

MSc Construction Economics and Management

Aditya Jain
Student id - 17105319
Content

• Background

• Statement of problem

• Objectives

• Literature Review

• Methodology

• List of References
Mumbai Currently
Background

• There are currently 102 residential buildings which are above 35 floors in Mumbai, since

2000

• There are 136 buildings under construction which are above 50 floors, due to be

delivered by 2022

• In 2015, weighted average cost of an apartment was approximately 400,000 Pounds

and 80% of the population earning a yearly income of approximately 10,000 pounds

• All of this is leading to an issue of urban compression

• Mid size developers are making unsustainable house at an exponential rate to satisfy

this demand

(Source : Skyscrapercenter.com, 2018; Firstpost, 2016)

 Background
• Buildings around the world contribute to:-

– 40% of energy consumption

– 35% of CO2 emissions

– 67% of electricity consumption

– Half of municipal waste

• Primary reason for this is related to increase in demands of buildings as a consequence

of rise in population

• The entire area of the urbanized territory of the Earth in 1980 was 4.69 million km2, then

it is projected that, in 2070, it will reach 19 million km2, or 12.8% of the whole and more

than 20% of the livable land territory

(Source: Kibert, 2016)

in Mumbai
Problems

• The demand for vertical construction will rise even more in the future, leading to more

urban compression

• The wage gap will cause the need for more affordable houses or in many cases

‘cheaper’ houses with poor construction materials

• According to JLL (2014), no direct incentives in building energy efficient homes

• Apartments will be developed far off my city increasing carbon footprint due to travelling

• High cost associated in design phase that would make mid size developers averse to

investment
Statement of Problem

Can there be a moderation in cost of construction and operation and in environmental

impact by applying GRIHA standards on contemporary residential buildings through the

analysis the energy and material inputs and environmental releases associated with each

stage of construction sector, life cycle energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost analysis

of contemporary residential buildings?

Importance of Life cycle assessment

Quicker; Engineering Intuition

Cheaper; Lower
accuracy; Product Scorecards
subjective
Conceptual Life cycle Thinking

Qualitative Life Cycle Assessment

Rigorous; robust Life cycle based design assessment

results;
objective Life cycle assessment
 Objectives

• Identification of the benefits of certification of buildings and facilities according to the

green standards, GRIHA in the context of raising attractiveness of the building for

property owners and investors, developers, dwellers, designers, as well as for the whole

society, environment, and human health;

• Analysis of GRIHA rating and certification systems for assessing the objects of green

construction, application of the methodology of building life cycle assessing;

• Development of an ecological and economic model of the life cycle of an effective

residential building, considering the total costs ascertained by quantitative and

qualitative indicators and characteristics of sustainable construction;

 Objectives (Contd)

• Developing an mathematical model for calculating the future cost (value) of building

facility ownership using a quantitative indicator of green construction - the coefficient of

the level of green construction concept application;

• Development of methodological recommendations on the application of the developed

model.
Working Hypothesis……

The working hypothesis of the ecological and economic model is that the

initial costs of applying energy-efficient and environmentally friendly

technologies, as well as green building approaches at the design and

construction stage, result in a significant reduction in operating costs

during the building operation phase, which averages 75% (Eichholtz et al.

2013) of total costs, which leads to a reduction in the total cost of the

building.
Methodology

• The object of the study is residential buildings built according to the standards of green

construction

• The subject of the research is architectural and constructive and engineering solutions,

technologies and processes, energy-efficient materials and equipment used in green

construction of residential buildings, and their accounting in the ecological and economic

model of the life cycle of the building.

• Theoretical and methodological bases of the research include rating evaluation systems,

expert methods, information modeling and life cycle assessment. The provisions

contained in the works of scientists in the field of environmental safety and economic

efficiency of construction will be used.

 Methodology (Contd)
• The developed ecological and economic model will estimate the total cost of the

residential facility, taking into account the costs of designing, building, operating, and

disposing of the building elements or building as a whole.

• A method of estimating the life cycle of construction products will be applied. The

application of this method implies its inclusion in other tools of construction design,

including rating systems (Bennett 2003).

List of Reference

• Akadiri, PO et al. 2012, ‘Design of A Sustainable Building: A Conceptual Framework for Implementing

Sustainability in the Building Sector,’ Buildings, Vol.2, pp. 126-152.

• Bennett, L 2003, The Management of Construction: A Project Lifecycle Approach, Routledge.

• Eichholtz, P et al. 2013, ‘The Economics of Green Building,’ The Review of Economics and Statistics,

Vol. 95, Issue 1, pp. 50-63.

• Hwang, BG & Tan, JC 2012, ‘Sustainable Project Management for Green Construction: Challenges,

Impact, and Solutions,’ World Construction Conference 2012 – Global Challenges in Construction

Industry 28 – 30 June 2012, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

• Kibert, CJ 2016, Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery, Wiley.

• Zhang, XL, Shen, LY & Wu, YZ 2011, ‘Green strategy for gaining competitive advantage in housing

development: a China study,’ Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 157-167.
List of Reference

• Arif, M., Bendi, D., Toma‐Sabbagh, T. and Sutrisna, M. (2012). Construction waste management in

India: an exploratory study. Construction Innovation, 12(2), pp.133-155.

• Islam, H., Jollands, M., Setunge, S., Haque, N. and Bhuiyan, M. (2015). Life cycle assessment and

life cycle cost implications for roofing and floor designs in residential buildings. Energy and Buildings,

104, pp.250-263.

• Cabeza, L., Rincón, L., Vilariño, V., Pérez, G. and Castell, A. (2014). Life cycle assessment (LCA)

and life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) of buildings and the building sector: A review. Renewable and

Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, pp.394-416.