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– Sagittal
– Coronal
– Transverse
• Anatomical Plane and section.
– Perpendicular to long axis.
- Transversal = horizontal = cross sectional.
– Paralel to long axis.
- Sagital. Sagital section separate right and
left of body portion at equal size.
- Parasagital . Para sagital separate right and
left body portion at anequal size.
- Frontal = coronal section separate anterior
and posterior of the body
Sagittal Plane
• Plane splitting the body
into two parts (left and
right)
• Ie. Facelift
Transverse Plane
• Separates body
along horizontal
plane
• Will divide an
organism into
superior and inferior
parts
Body Cavities
Cavities
• Opening within body
which protects internal
organs, and allows
transfer of
materials/information
• 2 Divisions
– Dorsal
– Ventral
Dorsal Cavities
• Made up of two smaller
cavities
• 1) Cranial Cavity –
holds and protects
brain
• 2) Spinal Cavity –
column which runs
through vertebra and
protects spinal chord
Ventral Cavities
• Divided into two
cavities
• 1) Thoracic – chest
area (holds heart,
lungs, and diaphragm)
• 2) Abdominopelvic –
lower torso (holds
digestive and
reproductive organs)
Selaput Perut
Tulang dada
Cranial
Caudal
Proximal
Distal
Anatomical Terminology
• Directional. pusar
Profundus
Tulang dada
tungkai
kandung kemih
moncong
nnnnnnnnnnnn
Abreviation
a. = arteri = artery
v. = vena = vein
n. = nervus = nerve
m. = musculus = muscle
aa. = arteriae = arteries
vv. = venae = veins
mm. = musculi = muscles
nn. = nervi = nerves.
Terminologi Struktur
• Bagian yang meninggi :
– Tuber =bulatan yang menonjol
– Tuberculum =tuber kecil
– Tuberositas =tuber dg permukaan
kasar
– Condylus =bulatan besar pd ujung tulang
yg bersendi
– Epicondylus =bulatan kecil di atas condylus
• Spina =bangunan spt duri
• Processus =istilah umum utk tonjolan
• Crista =pinggiran tajam
• Labium =pinggiran berbentuk bibir
• Pecten =pinggiran memanjang
• eminentia =daerah yg meninggi
• Cornu =bagian yg spt tanduk
• Caput =bagian ujung yg membulat
• Capitulum =caput kecil
Bagian yang cekung
• Fovea =cekungan
• Foveola =cekungan kecil
• Impressio =cekungan akb penekanan
• Fissura =celah
• Incissura =takik
• Sulcus =parit
• Fossa =dataran cekung
• Fossula =fossa kecil
Istilah utk lubang
• Apertura =lubang masuk suatu rongga
• Osteum =saluran ke dlm rongga lain
• Orificium
• Foramen
• Foramina
• Porus
Istilah utk saluran/pipa
• Vas
• Canalis
• Canaliculus
• Ductus
• Ductulus
• Tuba
• Tubulus
• Meatus
Istilah utk rongga
• Sinus =rongga tertutup berisi udara
• Celullae =kumpulan rongga2 kecil
• Cavum =rongga yg berhub dg
rongga lain
• Cavitas =cavum kecil
Movements
– Flexion
– Extension
– Hyperextension
– Adduction
– Abduction
– Prontaion
– Supination
– Retraction
– Protraction
– Elevation
– Depression
– Rotation
– Circumduction
– External Rotation
– Internal Rotation
– Inversion
– Eversion
– Dorsiflexion
– Plantarflexion
– Radial Deviation
– Ulnar Deviation
– Opposition
Movements
Flexion
• Bending a joint or decreasing the angle
between two bones
– In the Fetal Position we are flexing
our joints
Extension
• Straightening a joint or increasing the
angle between two bones
– In the Anatomical Position we are
extending our joints
Hyperextension
• Excessive extension of the parts at a joint
beyond anatomical position.
Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
Movements
Adduction
• Moving a body part
towards the midline of the
body
Abduction
• Moving a body part away
from the midline of the
body
Movements
Pronation
• Turning the arm or
foot downward
• (palm or sole of the
foot - down)
• Prone
Supination
• Turning the arm or
foot upward
• (palm or sole of the
foot - up)
• Supine
Movements
Retraction
• Moving a part backward
Protraction
• Moving a part forward
Elevation
• Raising a part
Movements
Rotation
• Turning on a single
axis
Circumduction
• Tri-planar, circular
motion at the hip or
shoulder
Internal rotation
• Rotation of the hip
or shoulder toward
Movements
Lateral Flexion
• Side-bending left or
right
Inversion Movements of the Foot
• Turning the sole of the foot
inward
Eversion
• Turning the sole of the foot
outward
Dorsiflexion
• Ankle movement bringing
the foot towards the shin
Plantarflexion
• Ankle movement pointing
the foot downward
Regional Terms
Medical Terminologi
Root = Kata Dasar
Single to plural
us i
musculus ---- musculi
um a
ligamentum --- ligamenta
a ae.
vena --- venae
Examples:
terminologi Prefix Root Suffix
bicephal bi cephal
Range of Motion
1. Hip _Abduction_________________
__________________________
2. Hip _Adduction_________________
__________________________
3. Hip _Flexion___________________
__________________________
Knee _Extension________________
________________________
Ankle ________________________
_Plantarflexion____________
4. Wrist _________________________
_Extension________________
(a) _Hyperextension_____________
__________________________
(b) _Flexion____________________
__________________________
5. Hip _Flexion___________________
__________________________
Knee _Flexion__________________
________________________
Ankle ________________________
_Dorsiflexion______________
6. Forearm (a) _Supination__________
___________________
Forearm (b) _Pronation__________
___________________
7. Shoulder _Circumduction_________
______________________
8. Shoulder _Elevation_____________
______________________
9. Jaw _Protraction________________
__________________________
10. Shoulder _Rotation______________
______________________
QUIZ
1. Red arrow :
2. Blue arrow
3. Green arrow
4. The areas on the front and
back of the hand are