INSTRUCTIONAL

DESIGN MODELS
  ADDIE
 Dick and Carey
 Assure
 Backward Design (Understanding
a re io By Design)
re c t
The  instru ls.  Kemp Design Model
ou s o de  The Kirkpatrick Model
m e r n  m n l y
nu desig m o  Gerlach-Ely Model
l c om n
na a re es i g  TPACK
e se d d
Th cepte ls:
ac mode
 Characteristics of Instructional Design Models
3. Instructional design
1. Instructional design is 2. Instructional design focusses on real world
learner centered: Learner is goal oriented: Well performance. Help learners
and his/her performance defined goals are perform the behaviors that
are the focal point. essential. will be expected of them in
the real world.

4. Instructional design focusses

on outcomes that can be
5. Instructional design is
measured in a reliable and valid
empirical. Data are the heart of
way. Creating valid and reliable
the process.
measurement instrument is
essential.

6. Instructional design
typically is a team effort. This
process usually involves team
work.
It will make the classroom to be creative and
innovative. It is a fun way to build and
exciting scene in a small. Dioramas are small
scenes created of layers of material, all
depicting a similar concept of theme. They
usually display a historical time period, a
MA
nature scene, or a fictional situation. In RA
developing diorama, you will. IO
D
• Choose concept or theme,
• Research the subject
1.
• Make a rough sketch of your ideal diorama
• Make a list of the items you’ll need and
gather your supplies, and
• Select a container or box.
Diorama
This is a table that contains objects
U R E
A T
2. N B L E
and/or related too the current season,
or upcoming festival or a symbol of an
ecosystem. Children love to follow the TA
natural changes that the world offers
each month and classroom
decorations reflect these.
Nature table
A writing board can display
information written with chalk
(chalkboard or blackboard) or
special pens (whiteboard),
I T IN G
although there are usually more
3. WR
effective methods of transmitting
A R D
information, the writing board is BO
still the most commonly used
visual aid.
 Suggestions on using
the Writing Board

• keep the board clean.

• Use chalk or pens that contrast with the background of the board so that
students can see the information clearly.
• Make text and drawings large enough to be seen from the back of the room
• Prepare complex drawings in advance (if very complex, an overhead
transparency or 35 mm slide may be preferable)
• Underline headings and important or unfamiliar words for emphasis.
• Do not talk while facing the board.
• Do not block the students’ views of the board; stand aside when writing or
drawing is completed.
• Allow sufficient time for students to copy the information from the board.
Writing board
It is a large table or pad of paper, usually on a
tripod or stand.

Suggestions on using Flipchart:

FL IP
4.
1. Use wide-tipped pens or markers; markers with
A R T
narrow tips produce printing that is difficult to
read. C H
2. Print in block letters that are large enough to
be easily from the back of the room.
3. Use different colored pens to provide contrast;
this makes the pages visually attractive and
easier to read.
4. Use headings boxes, cartoons and borders to improve the
appearance of the page.
5. Use bullets to delineate items on the page.
6. Leave plenty of ‘’white space’’ and avoid putting too much
information on one page. (crowded and poorly arranged
information is distracting and difficult to read.)
7. When pages are prepared in advance, use every other
page. If every page is used, colors will show through and
make text difficult difficult to read.
8. Have masking tape available to put pages up around the
moon during brainstorming and problem – solving activities.
9. To hide a portion of the page.
10. Face student, not the flipchart while talking.
Flip chart
 Z A G
Z I G
5. A RD
It is a multi – board series of
three or four rectangular BO
boards.
 A L L
6. W Y
P A L
Displaying items on a
classroom wall is a well –
DIS
known, tried, tried and tested
educational method.
Wall display
 O P E
7. R L E
P O
A N D Y
P L A
DIS R D
This board consist of two parallel, horizontal B O A
poles tied loosely together with rope
Guidelines when designing conventional instructional
materials.
1. Unity- use only one idea for each visual aid and include a
headline.
2. Simplicity- make ideas and relationships simple and easy
to recall.
3. Legibility – make letters big and readable for all in the
audience.
4. Consistency – use the same type style and art style.
5. Clarity – avoid type that is too small to read; avoid all caps.
Rope and pole display board