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Module 1.2
Wind Energy Overview
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Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 2019 http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/41869.pdf
• Some key questions proposed in
the report:
• Sufficient resources ?
• Technology advancements ?
• Environmental Impacts ?
• Network demands ?
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Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 2019 http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/41869.pdf
US Installed Wind Capacity, MW
• 1 MW produces energy for about 300-400 households
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unt=yes&:origin=viz_share_link
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Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 2019
http://www.nrel.gov/wind/systemsintegration/images/home_usmap.jpg
Texas Wind Power
Development
• Texas currently leads the US in installed
wind power capacity at 26 GW (21%).
• Texas gets about 16% of its electrical
energy from wind.
• Texas has one of the newest and best
transmission infrastructure projects in the
US to foster the growth of wind and solar –
the CREZ lines …………. More later.
35 MW Consisting of 112
Kenetech 300 kW Turbines
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Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 2019
2005Wind
- 2008:Power Development
Sweetwater-Area in Texas
Wind Boom
Horse Hollow
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Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 2019
Wind3,000
Over Power
MWDevelopment in Texas
in 30 Mile Radius
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Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 2019
The History of Wind Power
“The use of wind power is said to have its origin in the Asian civilizations of
China, Tibet, India, Afghanistan and Persia.” – Redlinger et al
“The first written evidence of the use of wind turbines is from Hero of
Alexandria, who in the 2nd or 3rd century BC described a simple horizontal-axis
turbine….More solid evidence indicates that the Persians were harnessing wind
power using a vertical-axis machine in the 7th century AD.” – Redlinger et al
“Vertical-axis windmills were also used in China, which is often claimed as their
birthplace. While the belief that the windmill was invented in China more than
2000 years ago is widespread and may be accurate, the earliest actual
documentation of a Chinese windmill was in 1219 A.D. by the Chinese statesman
Yehlu Chhu-Tshai. The primary applications were apparently grain grinding and
water pumping.” - www.telosnet.com/wind/early.html
Historical information indicates use of windmills in Europe during 11th and 12th
centuries AD. These were horizontal-axis machines used for water pumping,
grinding grain, sawing wood, etc…
• Earliest type of
European windmill
•Uses cloth sails (not
shown)
• First operational mill
(1665)
•Push post in back to
yaw the wind mill into
the wind.
Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 27
2019
The History of Wind Power
Photos from the Wikimedia Commons. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.
Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 28
2019
American Water-Pumper
• Early to mid 1800’s
•Number of different
types
• Brought water from
underground to the
Midwest and Plains
• “A Field Guide to the
American Windmill”
• From 1850 to 1970…6
million installed
“Probably the most important sequence of turbines was in Denmark. Between 1891 and 1918
Poal la Cour built more than 100 electricity generating turbines in the 20-35 kW size range. “ –
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Manwell, et al Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 2019
10 Kw Jacob’s Turbine (circa
1930)
• Used a 3 blade design
• Left one in the South
Pole 22 years later still
producing power!
• Small scale turbine (4
m rotor diameter)
• Sparked electric co-ops
via FDR (“New Deal”)
telosnet.com
Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 36
2019
State of the Art
• Upwind
•3 bladed
•Pitch controlled
•Variable speed with
power electronics
•2-3 MW generator
(onshore…larger
offshore)
•90 to 110 m rotor
•80-100 m tower
Module 1.2 Copyright A.Swift, 37
2019
Modern Development