Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute

Seminar on
Signal Generation [SQUARE WAVE]

Subject: Virtual Instrumentation Subject in Charge: Dr M S Panse

Presented By
Rakshanda Gade
(182081012)

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Outline:

• Introduction

• Applications

• Conclusion

• References

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Introduction:

 A square wave is a non-sinusoidal periodic

waveform in which the amplitude alternates
at a steady frequency.

 The square wave, also called a pulse train, or

pulse wave, is a periodic waveform
consisting of instantaneous transitions
between two levels.

 It has 50% duty cycle.

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FFT of Square wave:

 The Fourier Transform is an important image processing tool which is

used to decompose an image into its sine and cosine components.
 A complicated signal can be broken down into simple waves. This
break down, and how much of each wave is needed, is the Fourier
Transform. Fourier transforms (FT) take a signal and express it in
terms of the frequencies of the waves that make up that signal.

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FFT

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Applications of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on Square wave:

 Designing and using antennas

 Image Processing and filters

 Transformation, representation, and encoding

 Smoothing and sharpening

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FDM of Square wave:

 Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) is a scheme in which numerous

signals are combined for transmission on a single communications line
or channel.

 Each signal is assigned a different frequency (subchannel) within the

main channel.

 In FDM single Bandwidth is shared by all the message signals.

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FDM:

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Applications of Frequency Division Multiplexing(FDM) on
Square wave:

 FDM is commonly used in TV networks.

 FDM is used for FM & Radio Broadcasting.

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Convolution of square wave:

 Convolution is a mathematical operation on two functions (f and g)

to produce a third function that expresses how the shape of one is
modified by the other.

 Resultant wave = x(t)*y(t)

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Convolution:

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Applications of convolution of Square wave:

Convolution has applications that include:

 Probability

 Computer vision

 Natural language processing

 Image and signal processing

 Differential equations

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Conclusion:

 Square waves are used to control the timing of operations in

digital systems, such as clock generators for microprocessors.

 Square waves are also used as pulse width control systems for
audio and radio applications.

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References:

 www.ni.com

 ‘Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications’ 2014 by John G.

Proakis

 https://electricalvoice.com/frequency-division-multiplexing-working/

 https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101055/cdeep%20demo%20ppt/application%20
of%20fourier%20transforms.html

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THANK YOU!!

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