EV 302

Structural Analysis

Taha Alesawy
 STIFFNESS METHOD: BEAM ANALYSIS
General Procedure of Analysis
Member and Node Identification
• Subdividing beam into finite elements
• Generally, each element must be free from load and have prismatic cross-section
• Nodes are located at:
a) supports or at where elements connect
b) where external force is applied
c) where cross-sectional area changes
d) where vertical or rotational displacement is to be determined
For example:
2 4 6 8
1 3 5 7
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
 STIFFNESS METHOD: TRUSS ANALYSIS
General Procedure of Analysis
Global and Member Coordinates
• There is no need for matrix transformation because the x’ and x axes are
parallel for beams

Kinematic Indeterminacy
• Each node has two degrees of freedom:
a) Vertical displacement
b) Rotational displacement
 STIFFNESS METHOD: BEAM ANALYSIS
Beam-Member Stiffness Matrix
Considering member 1 from the same beam example, its k is :

2 1 4 3

3
 STIFFNESS METHOD: BEAM ANALYSIS
Beam-Structure Stiffness Matrix
• When k for all members have been formed, assembling them in sequent
(according to the numbering of degree of freedom) will result in K for the
whole beam
• When two or more members are connected at one node, all element in k
of the corresponding members are added together and placed in the
correct row and column in K
• The summing of all the elements means adding up all of the resistances
of the node
 STIFFNESS METHOD: BEAM ANALYSIS
Example
Determine the reactions at the supports for the beam below:

2 4 6
5
1 3 5
1 2
kN 3

1 2

2 2
m m
 STIFFNESS METHOD: BEAM ANALYSIS
Example

2 1 4 3 4 3 6 5
2 4
1 3
4 6
3 5

Eliminating multipliers to 0 (highlighted areas) gives:

0 = EI (2 D1 + D3 )
0 = EI (D1 + 4D3 + D5 - 1.5D6)
0 = EI (D3 + 2 D5 – 1.5 D6)
-5 = EI (-1.5D3 – 1.5D5 + 1.5 D6)
 STIFFNESS METHOD: BEAM ANALYSIS
Example

rad rad rad m