SYMBOLISM AND ALLUSION

Figurative Language
SYMBOLISM
• An object, word, or image that has deeper significance than just
literal meaning.
• Represent something than itself; another person, idea or
concept.
• Enhances the meaning of the story.
EXAMPLES:
• The color RED, BLUE, WHITE.

• Weather STORM, SUNNY

• Objects Ladder, Key, Door

• Animals TIGER, PIG, OWL, DOVE

THINK ON YOUR FEET
• What do you think BLACK symbolizes?

A. Death B. Peace C. Happiness

THINK ON YOUR FEET
• Which of the following is the best symbolism of imprisonment?

A. Chain B. Open door C. Flying

Bird
THINK ON YOUR FEET
• The rebels raised a white flag to negotiate. What is the
symbolism used in the sentence?

A. White Flag B. Raised C. None

THINK ON YOUR FEET
• From the last example, what do you think is the meaning of
“WHITE FLAG”?

• A. Purity B. Peace C. Surrender

 ALLUSION

Makes a reference to a place, person, a work of

literature, or something that happened in history.

The reference can be direct or may be inferred.

KINDS OF ALLUSION
• Biblical Allusion

• Historical Allusion

• Classical Allusion
KINDS OF ALLUSION
• Biblical Allusion - uses words and/or situations that make direct
references to biblical stories, characters, places, or motifs within
a larger story/text.
• Example:
You are a Solomon when it comes to making decisions.
It has been raining so hard that we need to use an Arc soon.
She turned the other cheek after she was cheated out of a
promotion.
HISTORICAL ALLUSION
• A statement that refers to HISTORY

• Our new elected president was a Hitler.

• I promise you, I shall return.

• It felt like 4th of July after I broke up with him.

CLASSICAL ALLUSION
• Reference to a particular event or character in literary works,
such as Greek or Roman works.

• Example
• I went to bed with my hair wet and I woke up like Medusa.

• Are you sure you did not cheat? Your nose is growing.
THINK ON YOU FEET
• Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her. Is an example of?

A. Classical Allusion B. Historical Allusion C. Biblical Allusion

THINK ON YOUR FEET
• When he plays the guitar I can hear Orpheus and I feel relax.
What is the allusion is the sentence?

A. Classical B. Historical C. Biblical

THINK ON YOUR FEET
• What is the BEST example for BIBLICAL ALLUSION?

A. You have a face that could launch a thousand ships.

B. This place is Garden of Eden, I have everything I need.
C. Are you related to Jose Rizal? You’re a genius.
READING
Read Song to Celia on page 74.

After reading, evaluate the symbolism expressed in the poem.

UNDERSTANDING SONG TO CELIA BY BEN JONSON
• Lines 1-2
Drink to me only with thine eyes

And I will pledge with mine;

UNDERSTANDING SONG TO CELIA BY BEN JONSON
• Lines 3-4
Or leave a kiss but in the cup,

And I'll not look for wine;

UNDERSTANDING SONG TO CELIA BY BEN JONSON
• Lines 5-6
The thirst that from the soul doth rise,

Doth ask a drink divine:

UNDERSTANDING SONG TO CELIA BY BEN JONSON
• Lines 7-8
But might I of Jove’s nectar sup,

the drink of the

I would not change for thine. gods.
UNDERSTANDING SONG TO CELIA BY BEN JONSON
• Lines 9-12
I sent thee, late, a rosy wreath,
Not so much honoring thee,
an arrangement of flowers,
leaves, or stems fastened in a
ring and used for decoration
or for laying on a grave.

As giving it a hope that there

It could not withered be. dry.

UNDERSTANDING SONG TO CELIA BY BEN JONSON
• Lines 13-14
But thou thereon did'st only breathe,

And sent'st it back to me;

• Lines 15-16
Since when it grows, and smells, I swear,

Not of itself, but thee.

KINDS OF ALLUSION
• First bullet point here
Group A Group B • Second bullet point here
• Third bullet point here
Task 1 Task 1

Task 2 Task 2

Task 3
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
(1564-1616)
• Hailed as the greatest of all Elizabethans
and of all the dramatists.
• Known as the “Bard of Avon”

• Was born in Stratford-upon-Avon on

23rd April 1564
• Married to Anne Hathaway.

• They had three children, Susanna,

Hamnet and Juliet. Hamnet, their only
son died at the age of 11.
• He wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets.

• Died in April 1616

• Disgrace UNLOCKING OF
- to be a source of shame VOCABULARIES
- to humiliate by a superior
- to cause to lose favor
- to cause to lose favor
- loss of grace, favor, or honor
• Fortune
UNLOCKING OF
prosperity attained partly through luck VOCABULARIES
the turns and courses of luck
accompanying one's progress
force or personified power that
unpredictably determines events and
issues favorably or unfavorably
• Beweep UNLOCKING OF
to cry VOCABULARIES

lament or to express sadness

and feeling sorry about
something
• Bootless
useless. UNLOCKING OF
VOCABULARIES

• Lark
something done for fun,
especially something
mischievous or daring; an
amusing adventure or escapade.
used to suggest that an activity
is foolish or a waste of time.
TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
His father made him feel
that he brought COMPLETE
(a)beweep (b)fortune THE
(disgrace) to the family FOLLOWING
because of the incident SENTENCES
BY
he was involved with. CHOOSING
THE
CORRECT
WORD.
It is (a) bootless
(b) beweep (c) lark COMPLETE
to argue with a THE
self-righteous FOLLOWING
person, they will SENTENCES
BY CHOOSING
never accept any THE
opinion. CORRECT
WORD.
The students
hid their COMPLETE
THE
teacher’s bike FOLLOWING
for a/an (a) SENTENCES
BY CHOOSING
beweep (b) lark THE
(c) bootless. CORRECT
WORD.
 READ SONNET XXIX BY WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE ON PAGE 86
Answer page 87 in a ½ crosswise paper. You have 30 Minutes
to finish the Activity.
ADD A SLIDE TITLE -
2
THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF THE SPEAKER IN SONNET 29 IS ONE OF DEPRESSION: IN THE FIRST LINE, HE
ASSUMES HIMSELF TO BE "IN DISGRACE WITH FORTUNE," MEANING HE HAS BEEN HAVING BAD LUCK. HE ALSO
FEELS IN DISGRACE WITH "MEN'S EYES," IMPLYING THAT THE GENERAL PUBLIC LOOKS ON HIM UNFAVORABLY.
THIS COULD BE REAL OR IMAGINED, BUT IT IS ENFORCED IN LINE 2, WHEN HE BEMOANS HIS "OUTCAST STATE."
HERE, "STATE" REFERS TO A STATE OF BEING, AND IN THIS CASE, HE IS CAST OUT FROM SOCIETY.
LINES 3-4 MAKE ALLUSION TO JOB OF THE OLD TESTAMENT IN THE BIBLE, WHO WAS CAST OUT ONTO A DUNG
HEAP AND CALLED TO A GOD WHO DIDN'T LISTEN. THE POET FINDS HIMSELF IN THE SAME SITUATION: HEAVEN
PERSONIFIED IS GOD, AND IN THIS CASE HE IS "DEAF," MAKING THE POET'S CRIES "BOOTLESS," OR USELESS. THE
IDEA OF CURSING ONE'S FATE ALSO HEARKENS TO JOB, WHO CURSED HIMSELF AFTER FALLING OUT OF GOD'S
FAVOR.
THE SPEAKER FINDS HIMSELF ENVYING WHAT OTHERS HAVE, AND IN LINES 5-9 HE SEES ALMOST EVERYONE AS
HAVING SOMETHING HE LACKS. HE WISHES TO BE LIKE "ONE MORE RICH IN HOPE," PERHAPS MEANING
HOPEFUL OR LITERALLY WEALTHY; "FEATURED LIKE HIM," REFERS TO SOMEONE WHO IS HANDSOME, WITH
BEAUTIFUL FEATURES; AND ANOTHER IS "WITH FRIENDS POSSESSED," OR POPULAR, UNLIKE THE POET (AS HAS
BEEN ESTABLISHED IN THE FIRST TWO LINES). IN LINE 7, HE ENVIES THE ARTISTIC TALENT OF ONE MAN, AND
THE OPPORTUNITIES AFFORDED SOMEONE ELSE.
THE SIMILE OF A LARK IS DEVELOPED IN LINES 10-12, WHEN THE SPEAKER DESCRIBES THE EFFECT THAT A
THOUGHT OF HIS LOVE HAS ON HIS "STATE," OR EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING. THE FACT THAT THE LARK RISES
FROM THE "SULLEN EARTH" AT "BREAK OF DAY" IMPLIES THAT THE DAY IS MUCH HAPPIER THAN THE NIGHT;
DAY BREAK IS COMPARED TO THE DAWNING OF A THOUGHT OF THE BELOVED. AS THE LARK "SINGS HYMNS AT
HEAVEN'S GATE," SO THE POET'S SOUL IS INVIGORATED WITH THE THOUGHT OF THE FAIR LORD, AND SEEMS TO
SING TO THE SKY WITH REJUVENATED HOPE.
THE FINAL COUPLET OF SONNET 29 DECLARES THAT THIS JOYFULNESS BROUGHT ABOUT BY A THOUGHT OF THE
FAIR LORD IS ENOUGH TO CONVINCE THE SPEAKER THAT HE IS BETTER OFF THAN ROYALTY. HERE, "STATE" IS A
PUN: IT CARRIES THE MEANING OF EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING, AS IT DID EARLIER IN THE POEM, AND SUGGESTS
THAT THE LOVE OF THE FAIR LORD MAKES THE SPEAKER SO HAPPY THAT ALL THE WEALTH OF A KING WOULD
NOT BE BETTER. BUT IT ALSO REFERS TO A NATION, OR A KINGDOM.
RECOGNIZING THE SHAKESPEAREAN
SONNET
SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET / ENGLISH SONNET
is a 14-line poem containing a specific meter and rhyme scheme.
Each line of a sonnet is written in iambic pentameter, a meter
made up of five sets of unstressed-stressed syllable blocks, called
iambs.

A Shakespearean Sonnet follow this rhyme:

ABABCDCDEFEFGG
BY: WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE
is a 14-line poem
 Quatrains

meter
and Quatrains
rhyme
scheme.
Quatrains

Couplets
IAMBIC PENTAMETER
Iambs consist of an UNSTRESSED SYLLABLE followed by
STRESSED SYLLABLE resulting in a ba-BOOM rhythm.

Line of an iambic pentameter consist of FIVE IAMBIC FEET

resulting to ten syllable rhythm.

baBOOM / baBOOM/ baBOOM/ baBOOM/ baBOOM

Shall I / comPARE / thee TO / a SUM/ mer’s DAY?
ANALYZE THE FOLLOWING POEM. TRY TO RECOGNIZE IF
IT IS A SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET OR NOT.
 METER

Meter is a stressed and unstressed syllabic pattern in a verse, or

within the lines of a poem. Stressed syllables tend to be longer, and
unstressed shorter.
TYPES OF METER
• Iambic meter (unstressed/stressed)
• Trochaic meter (stressed/unstressed)
• Spondaic meter, (stressed/stressed)
• Anapestic meter (unstressed/unstressed/
stressed)
• Dactylic meter (stressed/unstressed/unstressed)
“DON’T LET CHALLENGES STOP YOU
TO TAKE YOUR BEST FUTURE.”
ADD A SLIDE TITLE - 4
HOW DOES YOUR PARENTS (GUARDIAN)
HELP YOU COPE UP WITH THE HARDSHIP
THAT YOU ARE EXPERIENCING?
TO WHAT CAN YOU COMPARE LIFE?
DO WORDS HAVE THE POWER TO
HELP A PERSON GET THROUGH
HARD/ DIFFICULT TIMES?
LISTEN TO THE POEM MOTHER TO SON BY
LANGSTON HUGHES