IDENTIFIKASI

TIPE – TIPE KAPAL

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The weight of a vessel and her contents,

or

the weight of the displaced watermass.

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• Gross tonnage equals the entire volume
of the enclosed spaces of the ship.

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• Net tonnage can be calculated by
deducting the spaces that are not used for
cargo from the gross tonnage.

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• Harbour dues that must be paid are
often calculated according to the
net tonnage.

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• By deadweight is understood the weight
of the vessel’s contents:
• cargo -
bunkers - ( fuel / lubricating oil /
ballast water / fresh water/
potable water)
equipment -
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stores.
 Ullage (to allow for the expansion of the oil).

By Oil Space is understood 98% of the

total volume of the wet bulk tanks.
 “Length over all” (L.O.A.)
is the total length of the vessel.

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 Length Between Perpendiculars (LPP)
is measured between the fore perpendicular (fpp)
and the aft perpendicular (app).

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The Construction Waterline (CWL) or Summer
Loadline is the line to which the ship may be
loaded in summer.

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The fore perpendicular is the vertical line through
the intersection of the CWL and the stem.

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The aft perpendicular goes through the
rudderstock.

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 • Horizontal
distance
between the
insides of the
A B moulds (A-B).

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 MOULDED DEPTH
Vertical distance
DISTANCE
between the
BETWEEN THE
insides of the
A INSIDES OF
moulds (A-B).
A
THE MOULDS
B (A - B)
B
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 • By beam is
meant the
extreme breadth
of the vessel
(A-B).

A B
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 • Distance from
the bottom of the
keel to the
surface of the
WL
water (WL - K).
K

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 • Distance from
H the waterline to
the highest
point of the
WL
vessel (WL - H).

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 • Distance between
deckline and
waterline (DL
DL
- WL).
WL

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 • Distance
between keel
and sea-bed
(K - B).

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B
mu
“Vessel is rolling and pitching”
 Due to the influences of wind
and sea the vessel can make
three different rotating motions
and
three different linear motions.

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When her starboard and port sides
rise and fall with the waves,
the vessel is rolling.
When her stem and stern rise
and fall with the waves,
the vessel is pitching.
When her bow is pushed to starboard
and then to port, the vessel is yawing.
When the whole ship rises and falls
back into a trough, she is heaving.
When the ship is pushed forward by the
waves and sinks back into a trough,
she is surging.
When the whole ship moves bodily to
starboard and then to port,
she is swaying.
 A liner sails according to
a prearranged, fixed schedule.
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 A tramp does not have
a prearranged, fixed schedule

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A passenger ship has been designed to carry

passengers, but some can also carry small amounts
of cargo.
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• This freighter carries cargo in bags,
boxes, crates or cargo coming in pieces.
Dry bulk cargo (grain, ore, coal, etc.)
Satu komoditi Cargo.
• Tankers membawa muatan
curah cair.
A Very Large Crude Carrier
Mengangkut minyak mentah
dalam jumlah yg besar.
A semi-submersible
heavy-load vessel
memuat dengan
menenggelamkan
badannnya terlebih
dahulu.Setelah muatan
naik , kemudian ia
mengapungkan dirinya
kembali.
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 Liquefied Natural Gas
• This tanker carries
Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
• Containers dimuat dlm rows (melintang), bays (dr
depan ke belakang) and tiers (tinggi).
• Cargo is rolled on and rolled off the vessel by
lorries, so no cargo-handling equipment is
required.

RAMP
A refrigerated-cargo vessel
(reefer)
Dilengkapi dengan
sistim mesin pendingin.
Coasters adalah kapal cargo kecil yg berlayar
sepanjang pantai atau dlm perjalanan pendek.
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Kapal besar atau platform ditowingoleh
sea-going tugs atau harbour tugs.
A heavy-lift vessel dapat megangkat muatan berat
dengan heavy derricks (“booms”).

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A salvage vessel
Dilengkapi dgn
heavy derricks
untuk mengangkat
kerangka kapal dr
dasar laut.
SPUD
• The wheelhouse dan funnel terletak didepan.
Mensupply oil rigs dgn muatan di deck
belakang.
Icebreakers dilengkapi dgn mesin yg kuat
dan haluan khusus pemecah es.
A buoyage vessel mengganti dan merawat
buoys.
 2.15 MARKING THE
SHALLOW POINT
ALONG THE TSS

Source : MSC 32
Source : NMC 33
Source : MSC 34
Buoy Tender Vessel “PEDOMAN”
Sarana utk Pilots/Pandu menaiki kapal.

PILOT
PILOT
fire-fighting vessel.
A survey vessel mengadakan penelitian ttg
nautical matters, depths, seabed condition,
positions of wrecks, etc.
KAPAL
PERANG

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 2.1 SHIPS AND THEIR CARGOES

*Draught = Underwater Depth

Source : JAMS 17
 2.8 MALACCA STRAITS Passage

 ALL SHIPS PASSING

MUST MAINTAIN 3.5
METRES UNDERKEEL
CLEARANCE (UKC)
Source : MSC 24
 TERIMA KASIH
ATAS PERHATIANNYA