JOSE

RIZAL CHAPTER V
RIZAL TO PARIS AND TO GERMANY

CARINGAL, MARYJOY D.
CRUZ, ISAH MAY
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal went to Paris and Germany in

order to specialized in ophthalmology.
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• Ophthalmology- A branch of medical
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science dealing with the anatomy,
functions, and diseases of the eye.

• He has special interest in this branch of

medicine so that he could restore his
mother’s sight.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal who was then 24 years old and a

full pledge surgeon decided to go to
Paris in order to further his study and
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acquire adequate knowledge in
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ophthalmology.

• On the way to Paris, he first stopped

at Barcelona to visit a friend, Maximo
Viola.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

Máximo Viola y Sison (1857-1933)

• A medical student belonging to an

affluent family of San Miguel, Bulacan.
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He is known as the best friend of Jose
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Rizal in Europe.
• They planned to tour Europe together
after Viola got through with his medical.

• He is also known as propagandist, writer,

revolutionary leader and doctor from
Bulacan, Philippines.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal stayed in Paris for

almost 4 months.
O
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• He became assistant
of Dr. Louis de
Wecker.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

Dr. Louis de Wecker (1832-1906)

• He was a French ophthalmologist

born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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His name is associated with "de
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Wecker scissors", which are small
sharp-pointed scissors used for
intraocular surgery of the iris and lens
capsule.
• Dr. José Rizal completed his
ophthalmological training under
Professor Louis de Wecker in Paris in
1885
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• During his free time, he visited his

fellow-country men- Pardo de
Taveras: O
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 Trinidad Hermenegildo José
María Juan Francisco Pardo de
Tavera y Gorricho
 Félix Pardo de Tavera
 Paz Pardo de Tavera;
• Juan Luna
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

Juan Luna y Novicio (1857-1899)

• He was born in the town of Badoc,

Ilocos Norte in the northern
Philippines. O
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• He was a Filipino painter, sculptor
and a political activist of the
Philippine Revolution during the late
19th century.
• He became one of the first
recognized Philippine artists.
• He painted a historical Convass, The
Blood Compact which Rizal posed as
Sikatuna and Trinidad as Legaspi.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Blood Compact (El Pacto de
Sangre)
• The Blood Compact portrays the 1565
Sandugo (blood compact ritual) between
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Datu Sikatuna of Bohol and Miguel López de
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Legazpi, surrounded by other conquistadors.

• Datu Sikatuna was described to be 'being

crowded out of the picture by Miguel López
de Legazpi and his fellow conquistadores‘

• José Rizal and Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

helped Luna in completing the painting by
providing historical advice and posing for
the painter: Rizal posed as Sikatuna while
Pardo de Tavera posed as Legazpi
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal left Paris and moved to

Heidelberg, a German City where he
arrived on February 7, 1886.
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• With some German law students, he
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lived in a boarding house.
• They found out that Rizal was a good
chess player.
• His German Friends recommended
him to be a member of the Chess
PLAYER’S CLUB whose members were
mostly law students.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal had the privilege to work in the

clinic of a noted Polish
ophthalmologist, Dr. Javier
Galezowsky. O
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• Rizal worked at the University Eye
Hospital under the direction of Dr.
Otto Becker, distinguished German
ophthalmologist, and attended the
lectures of Dr. Becker and Prof.
Wilheim Kuehne at the University.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Heidelberg- a city in Baden-

Wurttenberg in West Germany.
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• Famous for its old universities and
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beautiful sceneries in the
countryside.

• Rizal used to take walk along the

cool banks and crystal clear
water of the Neckar River.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• August 6, 1886- he attended

the celebration of the fifth
centenary of the foundation of
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the University of Heidelberg.
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• He wrote an ode- a lyric poem
expressive of exalted emotion
entitled “A las flores del
Heidelberg” or To the Flowers of
Heidelberg, translated by
Charles E. Derbyshire.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Among them was his favorite

flowers- the light blue “forget-me-
not”
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The beautiful spring flowers
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reminded Rizal of the blooming
flowers at the garden of his home in
Calamba.
• April 22, 1886, in a mood of
homesickness, he wrote a fine
poem “A Las Flores de Heidelberg.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

To Frankfurt and Leipzig

• Cities in East Germany where Rizal
visited by boarding a train.
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• He also went to Manheim and
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Cologne, where he had some sight-
seeing at the Stadel Art Institute, the
zoological garden, and the synagogue
at Jew’s Alley.
• In Leipzig City, he came to know Dr.
Hans Meyer, eminent German scholar,
who once visited the Philippines in
1882.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

First Letter to Blumentritt

• Rizal wrote his first letter in

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German (which he had
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improved after his stay with the
(Ullmers) to Professor Ferdinand
Blumentritt, Director of the
Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria on
July 31, 1886
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal had the perception that one of

the Professor’s interests was on
culture and about Philippine
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languages. Rizal in his letter said
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“I have heard that you are studying our
language, and that you had already published
some works about it; permit me to send you a
valuable book written by my country man in our
language. The Spanish version is mediocre
because the author is only modest writer but
the Tagalog part is good, and it is precisely the
language spoken in our province.”
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• The book he sent with his letter was entitled

Arithmetica (Arithmetic), published in two
languages- Spanish and Tagalog.
• Published by the University of Sto. Tomas
Press in 1868 O
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• Rizal translate Schller’s William Tell from
German language to Tagalog version; the
story of the legendary Swiss patriot who
championed its independence.
• Dresden- city in East Germany on the Elbe
River where he met Dr. Adolf B. Meyer,
Director of the Zoological and
Ethnographical Museum, who also became
his friend.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• The book he sent with his letter

was entitled Arithmetica
(Arithmetic), published in two
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languages- Spanish and
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Tagalog.
• Published by the University of
Sto. Tomas Press in 1868
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Life in Berlin
• Berlin- historic city and capital of unified
Germany
• Rizal befriended several top scientists:
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 Dr. Feodor Jagor, German scientist and
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author of the book entitled Travels in the
Philippines.
 Dr. Rudolf Virchow, a well-known
anthropologist and his son, Dr. Hans Virchow,
a distinguished professor of Descriptive
Geometry.
 Dr. Joest, a famous German geographer
through Dr. Jagor.
• He also worked in the medical clinic of Dr.
Schulzer, a renowned German eye specialist.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Reasons why Rizal lived in Berlin
 to gain further knowledge in
ophthalmology,
 to gain more insight and understanding
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in various sciences and languages,
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 to observe the prevailing political, social
and economic conditions,
 to observe and to learn new
knowledge from German scientist and
scholars, and
 to finish writing his novel, Noli Me
Tangere.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
On German Women
• He has a high regard and admiration for
they were diligent, hardworking, active,
educated, kind-hearted and friendly.
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Their mode of dressing is modest; they do
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not give emphasis to expensive clothes
and jewelry.

• In contrast, Rizal regretted that in the

Philippines some Filipino women are more
interested in beautiful clothes and fine
jewelry than the value of education.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Other German Way of Living
 Rizal noted that the German workers were
protected by insurance against the hardships
of sickness, accident, and old age.
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 The laws on labor hoped to increase the
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worker’s loyalty to the government.
 Railroad were placed under national control.
 Schools made patriots of German youth, and
the Kaiser (a German emperor: the title used
from 1871-1918) tried to make Berlin the
center of intellectual life of the nation by
giving large funds to its university and to
organizations of writers and scientists.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Other German Way of Living
 National unity was further increased by the
economic growth of Berlin, Hamburg, at the
mouth of the Elbe, was a busy port in
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Germany and the chief outlet of various
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businesses for all central Europe, Berlin was
the economic metropolis of the nation.
 Rizal was delighted on the German customs
in observance of the Christmas season.
 In once social gathering Rizal attended, he
was amused that his attention was caught of
the self-introduction to the guests when a
man attends a party or social function.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Rizal Got Sick
• November, 1886 to the second week of May
of the following year, he tried to economize
by placing himself on a strict vegetarian diet.
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He failed to receive his monthly allowance
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from brother Paciano.
• He even loaned the diamond ring given by
his sister Saturnina to a pawnshop and sold
some of his books to second-hand book
stores.
• Eating only once a day, he soon became
sick with chills, fevers and coughs- symptoms
of tuberculosis.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• “ Noli Me Tangere, means do not touch me.”
• The book contains things of which no one
among ourselves has spoken up to the
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present; they are so delicate that cannot be
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touched by anybody.
• Rizal was desperately despondent because
he had slim hope of having Noli published for
he was penniless.
• Dr. Maximo Viola- Upon the insistence of this
magnanimous man from San Miguel,
Bulacan, who loaned P300 to Rizal, Noli was
finally printed in March, 1887.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• Rizal received formal expression of high
praise for his novel and these were sent by
Antonio Regidor and Prof. Ferdinand
Blumentritt. O
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• Rizal’s friends and admirers praised with pride
the Noli and its author. On the other hand,
his enemies were bitter in attacking and
condemning the same.
• In the Philippines this novel was attacked
and condemned by Faculty Committee in
1887.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• During the Congressional discussion
and hearing on the (Noli-Fili) bill in 1956,
the proponents and opponents of the
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bill also engaged themselves in a
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heated, bitter and long- drawn-out
debate that finally resulted in the
enactment of a compromise measure,
now known as Republic Act No. 1425
(Rizal Law) and signed by President
Ramon Magsaysay on June 12, 1956.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• Senator Fernando Vida, Deputy and ex-
General Luis M. de Pando, and Pramides
Mateo Sagasta were among those who
unjustly lambasted and criticized Rizal and his
O
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Noli in the two chambers of the Spanish Cortes
I 1888 and 1899.
• About thirteen years later, U.S. Congressman
Henry Allen Cooper of Wisconsin delivered on
June 19, 1902 ang eulogy of Rizal and even
recited the Filipino martyr’s Ultimo
Pensamiento (last thoughts) on the floor
of the United States House of Representatives
in order to prove to his colleagues the
capacity of the Filipinos for self- government.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• The U. S. Congressman said in part: “It ha been
said that, if American institutions had done
nothing else than furnish to the world the
character of George Washington, that alone
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would entitle them to the respect of mankind,
so, I say categorically to all those who
denounce the Filipinos indiscriminately as
barbarians and savages, without possibility of
a civilized future, that this despised raced
proved itself entitled to their self respect and
to the respect of mankind when it furnished to
the whole world the character of Jose Rizal.”
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• The results of his speech and the
appeal of Representative Cooper, in
effect, were the resounding
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approval of what is popularly known
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as the Philippine Bill of 1902, which
granted the Filipinos a large
measure of participation in running
the social, economic and political
affairs of their government.