IT 223: DATABASE DESIGN

& MANAGEMENT II

(LECTURE NOTES)
Course Aim / Objectives
• Every business today makes use of various
collections of data. The efficient and effective
management and control of these databases is
vital to the efficient running of the business.

• The overall focus of the course is to study

alternative strategies available to the database
administrator to carry out his or her various
duties.

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Intended Learning Outcome
• On completion of this course, students should be able
to:
1. Compare and contrast different approaches to Analysis
data modelling and recommend an appropriate
Database environment for a given area of
application

2. Evaluate various tools, techniques and methods for Knowledge &

the efficient and effective use of Databases understanding
3. Critically appraise user interfaces in a Database Knowledge &
environment understanding

4. Demonstrate critically knowledge of emerging Reflection

technologies in all aspects of Database environments

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Indicative Content
• Comparison of different database environments from
the following aspects
• Database Administration
• Data dictionaries
• Database security and recovery
• Query languages including an in-depth study of
SQL
• Distributed databases
• Database Tuning
• Data warehousing
• Object-oriented databases
• Emerging Database Technologies -4
Course Assessment
• Method of Assessment:
The module will be assessed through
coursework, mid-sem. and end of sem.
examination

• Composition of course marks:

- Coursework and Mid-Sem: - 30%
- End of Sem. Examination: – 70%

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 Reading Materials
• Essential Reading:
Connolly T, and Begg C., Database Systems: A
Practical Approach to Design, Implementation
and Management, 6th ed, Addison-Wesley, 2015.
• Recommended Reading:
1. Elmasri R. and Navathe S., Fundamentals of
Database Systems, 5th ed, Addison-Wesley, 2007.
2. McFadden R, Hoffer J. A and Prescott M. B, Modern
Database Management, Addison-Wesley, 2008.

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Course Requirements
• Class Participation
• Preparation and engaged participation at all
class sessions are expected of all students. This
course depends on your active and informed
participation.
• Students need to have read the given topic and
be prepared with points for discussion.
• Your active participation is vital to your success
and the success of the class.
Management Information Systems BIT L400 - 2017 Delivery
Course Requirements
• Deadlines
• Deadlines are sacred and firm.

• Failure to keep deadlines will adversely

affect your grade.
• All written assignments should be typed.
(Written assignments will be assessed by
content, format, following instructions, and
correct spelling/grammar)
Management Information Systems BIT L400 - 2017 Delivery
 Course Requirements
• Attendance
• Regular attendance and promptness are
expected at each lecture.
• The Lecturer is to be informed of unavoidable
absences prior to the class meeting.
• The student is responsible for getting Lecture
notes and other teaching/learning materials
from the class representative.
Management Information Systems BIT L400 - 2017 Delivery
 10

Expectations of Students
• To read prescribed textbooks, as well as
other relevant materials on the world wide
web.

• Students are expected to spend at least 3

hours in private studies for each hour in
class.

Management Information Systems BIT L400 - 2017 Delivery

 My Contacts
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 Office Location:

Rm 7, Block A same room Office Hours:

Wednesdays & Fridays 2:00am -
4:00pm (other times by appointment)
 Phone: 0244422678
 Email Address: btasaregh@gmail.com
 Review of
Database Design &
Management (I)
Database
• Shared collection of logically related data (and a
description of this data), designed to meet the
information needs of an organization or is a system
which holds data as an integrated system of records
and metadata, or data about data/descriptions of
the data held in the database.

• Logically related data comprises

entities,
attributes, relationships and constraints
of an organization’s information.
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Database Management System (DBMS)
• A software system that enables users to define,
create, maintain, and control access to the database.

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ANSI-SPARC Three-Level Architecture

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ANSI-SPARC Three-Level Architecture
• External Level
• Users’ view of the database.
• Describes that part of database that is relevant
to a particular user.

• Conceptual Level
• Community view of the database.
• Describes what data is stored in database and
relationships among the data.

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ANSI-SPARC Three-Level Architecture

• Internal Level
• Physical representation of the database
on the computer.
• Describes how the data is stored in the
database.

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 Database
Administration
Definition of a Database
Administrator
• A Database Administrator (DBA) is a
person (or group of people) who controls
the day to day running of the database
and provides technical support for users
in ensuring that the database is used
efficiently and correctly.
Functions of a DBA
• Defining the database
• Liaising with users
• Defining & Monitoring
• security & integrity checks
• backup & recovery procedures
• Monitoring performance
• Responding to change
Defining the database
• Definitions of the DB schema from the
logical database design

• Mapping the model onto the storage

Liaising with users
• Defining the user’s view of the data

• Assistance with application design

• Technical education
Security checks
• Enrolling new users

• Defining their level of access

Integrity checks
• Usually defined within the data
definition of the schema/subschema

• Often relies on the data dictionary

Backup procedures
• Definition of measures to ensure the
safety of the DB

• Ensuring that these procedures are

carried out
Recovery procedures
• Definition of procedures to be carried
out in the event of failure

• Testing of these procedures to make

sure they will work if/when needed
Monitoring performance
• Dealing with problems - use of tools e.g.
Oracle Enterprise Manager
• Looking at the way that the various
users of the DB are being serviced
• Educating users in ways to use the DB
more efficiently
• Changing the logical/physical structure
of the DB to enhance performance
Responding to change
• New users

• New user requirements

• Software/hardware enhancements
Use of Tools
• Many modern DB environments are very
complex, often using multiple databases. It
therefore becomes essential to make use of
tools to carry out the job of Database
administration
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Alternative Definitions
• Data Administration: A high-level function that
is responsible for the overall management of
data resources in an organization, including
maintaining corporate-wide definitions and
standards
• Database Administration: A technical function
that is responsible for physical database design
and for dealing with technical issues such as
security enforcement, database performance,
and backup and recovery
Data Administration Functions
• Data policies, procedures, standards
• Planning
• Data conflict (ownership) resolution
• Internal marketing of DA concepts
• Managing the data repository
Database Administration Functions
• Selection of hardware and software
• Installing/upgrading DBMS
• Tuning database performance
• Improving query processing
performance
• Managing data security, privacy, and
integrity
• Data backup and recovery
Data Warehouse Administration
• New role, coming with the growth in data
warehouses
• Similar to DA/DBA roles
• Emphasis on integration and coordination of
metadata/data across many data sources
• Specific roles:
• Support decision –support applications
• Manage data warehouse growth
• Establish service level agreements regarding data
warehouses and data marts