PHALTAN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

College Of Engineering, Phaltan

Department of Mechanical Engineering
2017-2018
 PROJECT REPORT ON
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PLASTIC WASTE AS A COURSE
AGGREGATE FOR STRUCTUREA CONCRETE

Under the guidance of

prof. Gaikwad M. N.
Presented By

Mr. Gunjawate Shubham Ashok

Mr. Kadam Mangesh Mahadeo
Mr. Hole Ganesh Yaswant
Mr. Ghorpade Pratik Anil
Content
1. Aim
2. Objective
3. Introduction
4. Literature Review
5. Methodology
6. Experimental Programme
7. Result
8. Future Work
9. Conclusion
10. Reference
 1. Aim
The project aims at use of recycled plastic
in concrete as a partial replacement of
Coarse aggregate to obtain eco-friendly
light weight concrete.
The agriculture waste plastic of HDPE
(High density poly Ethylene ) is collected
from Phaltan localities and mixed with
OPC and sand in varying proportions
(0%,15% & 30%). The compressive
strength, Spilt tensile strength & flexural
Strength for each variant is to be
determined in laboratory.
2. Objective
To compare the compressive strength
of conventional concrete with PCA
concrete.  To study the behavior of fresh
concrete with plastic coarse aggregate
To compare the split tensile test of and compare its properties to those of
conventional concrete with PCA
concrete.
conventional concrete
To compare the flexure strength of  To produce lightweight concrete for
conventional concrete with PCA multi-purpose use
concrete.
To determine optimum quantity of
plastic that can be used in concrete.
3. Introduction
 Concrete is one of the main component in any concrete
masonry construction.
 Concrete composes of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate.
 Researches have shown that these components can be replaced
to some extent by fly ash, steel fibre, plastic etc.
 Studies are made on both fresh as will as hardened properties of
plastic concrete and compare with normal concrete.
 The use of such plastic wastes in concrete will contribute to the
sustainability of the concrete design and the natural
environment.
 Cont…
Advantages of using plastic aggregate

Amount of plastic that reach the landfill

sites are greatly reduced. This willeliminate
land pollutionto some extent.

Forming & utilizing recycled products

is an important part of the recycling
procedure which helps complete the loop.

It can help save the resources and can help

keep the earth green, pollution-free and
beautiful
 4. LITERATUREVIEW
1. Zainab Z. Ismail [1] in his study concluded that, the adhesive strength between the surface of the waste plastic and cement
paste decreases which causes the strength of the plastic concrete to decrease. In addition, waste plastic is hydrophobic
material which may restrict the hydration of cement. The slump values of waste plastic concrete mixtures showed a
tendency to decrease below the slump of the reference concrete mixture. Despite this decline in the slump of those mixtures,
those mixtures are easy to work based on the consideration that workability has a broad range from very low to high
workability for different applications
2. Raghatate Atul M [2] observed in 2012 that, Compressive strength of concrete is affected by addition of plastic pieces and
it goes on decreasing as the percentage of plastic increases addition of 1 % of plastic in concrete causes about 20%
reduction in strength after 28 days curing. The splitting tensile strength observation shows the improvement of tensile
strength of concrete. Up to 0.8 % of plastic improvement of strength recorded after that addition of strength of concrete
decrease with addition of plastic. It was established that it is, in fact possible the use plastic can be used to increase the
tensile strength of concrete.
3. Nibudey. R.N [3], in 2013 observed in his study that, workability is reduced in PFRC. It was due to resistance offered by
the fibers to the movement of aggregates. The dry density is also reduced in PFRC but it is beneficial to reduce dead weight
of concrete. The relationship between cube and cylinder compressive strength is linear. The ratio of PFRC cube
compressive strength to cylindrical compressive strength is nearly same as for reference concrete but no certain trend is
observed. This preliminary study has thus shown that the relationships between compressive strength, as used in European
standard for plain concrete, can be applied to concrete containing PET-fibers. It was observed during experimentations that
normal concrete specimens were suddenly broken into two pieces either cubes or cylinders but PFRC specimens did not
suddenly break and failure was ductile.
 Cont…
4. Promod S. Patil [4] observed that he modified concrete mix, with addition of plastic aggregate
replacing conventional aggregate up to certain 20% gives strength with in permissible limit. Modified
concrete casted using plastic aggregate as a partial replacement to coarse aggregate shows 10 % it
could be satisfying as per IS codes. Density of concrete is reducing after 20% replacement of coarse
aggregates in a concrete.

5. T. Subramani [5] observed that, plastic waste can be disposed by using them as construction
materials. Since the plastic waste is not suitable to replace fine aggregate it is used to replace the
coarse aggregate. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete containing plastic
aggregate is retained in comparison with controlled concrete specimens. However, strength noticeably
decreased when the plastic content was more than 20%. Has been concluded 20% of plastic waste
aggregate can be incorporated as coarse aggregate replacement in concrete without any long term
detrimental effects and with acceptable strength development properties.
5. Methodology:

Phase 1 : Design mix proportions of M-

25 concrete.

Phase 2 : Formation of test matrix and

selection of PCA.

Phase 3 : Formation of PCA.

Phase 4 : Casting of concrete in

specimens.

Phase 5 :Test on concrete specimens

and results.
 Cont…
Phase 1 : Design mix proportions of M-25 concrete.
M25 Mix Design
Sr. No. Description Quantity
1. Cement 387.5 kg/m3
2. Water 186kg/m³
3. Fine aggregate 685.91 kg/m³
4. Coarse aggregates 1224.56 kg/m³
5. Water cement ratio 0.48
6. Mix Proportion 1 :1.77 :3.16

Note: A total of 9 cubes and 9 cylinders and 9 beam were prepared

 Cont…
Phase 2 : Formation of test matrix and selection of PCA.
Test Matrix
Steel Quantity of Quantity of Quantity of
Sr. Dimension Volume PCA fiber Aggregate PCA steel fiber NO. of
No. Specimens (mm) (cu.mm) (%) (%) (Kg) (Kg) (kg) specimens
1 CUBE 150*150*150 3375000 0 0 4.3394 0 0 3
3375000 15 3 3.6884 0.263 0.041 3
3375000 30 3 3.03376 0.526 0.041 3
2 CYLINDER 300*150 5301438 0 0 6.8145 0 0 3
5301438 15 3 5.7925 0.378 0.064 3
5301438 30 3 4.7705 0.763 0.064 3
3 BEAM 500*100*100 5000000 0 0 6.4284 0 0 3
5000000 15 3 5.4641 0.320 0.061 3
5000000 30 3 4.4998 0.640 0.061 3
 Cont…
5.1 MATERIAL
1) Cement

2) Aggregate

3) Water

4) Steel Fibre

5) Plastic Aggregate
 Cont…
1) Cement
53 grade OPC cement was used
for the experiment.
All the tests were conducted in
the cement to assure its quality
and satisfactory results were
obtained as per IS 12269:1987
 Cont…
Tests on cement and results

Standard Setting time

Specific gravity
Consistency Initial Final
3.15 29% 30 min 580 min
 Cont…
2) Fine aggregates
Fine aggregate used is artifical sand
available in local market

Downsize of 3 mm was used

The artificial fine aggregate used was

free from any debris and was checked
properly before using
 Cont…
Tests on fine aggregates

Specific gravity Fineness Modulus Moisture Content

2.64 2.608 2%
 Cont…
3) Coarse aggregates
Coarse aggregate used is natural
gravels.
Coarse aggregate of down size
20 mm is used.
Suitable laboratory tests are
conducted on aggregate to
determine the physical
properties.
 Cont…
Tests on coarse aggregates

Specific Moisture Crushing Impact test Flakiness Elongation

gravity Content strength value index value index value

2.84 0.90% 22.6% 27.2% 12% 14.6%

 Cont…
4)Plastic Coarse aggregates
 Plastic Coarse aggregate used
is formed from agriculture waste
plastic.

 Plastic Coarse aggregate of

down size 20 mm is used.
 Cont…
Properties of HDPE(plastic aggregate)

Density Heat resistant

439.62 kg/m³ Max - 160o C min - 90o C

 Cont…
5) Steel Fiber

 Steel Fiber Flat Crimped type

steel fibers are used for
experimental work.

 Eqv. Diameter of steel fiber 1 mm

 Length of fiber used is 50 mm

 Cont…

Properties of Steel Fiber

Specific Length of Tensile Modulus of
Eqv. Diameter
gravity fiber strength Elasticity

7.8 1 mm 50 mm 875 MPa 200 GPa

 6. Experimental Programme
6.1 Formation of PCA
.

Crushing Plastic Waste Cutting Process Cutting into Agg. Size

Waste Plastic Melting Process

Plastic Boulders Making Conc. Specimen
 Cont…
6.2 Procedure of preparing concrete
Mixing the raw The experiment are The mixing process
Step 1

Step 2

Step 3
materials, i.e., conducted replacing created a
Portland cement, fine coarse aggregate with homogeneous mixture
aggregate and coarse PCA ( 20 mm size to ensure the proper
aggregate, was HDPE).The series of coating of cement on
mixed. experiments are the aggregate.
The design mix named as: The compressive
proportions were (P15-85:15); strength ,tensile
1:1.77:3.16. (P30-70:30) and strength &
flexural strength of
(A0-100:0) with the the sample cubes,
water to cement ratio cylinder and beam are
of 0.48. tabulated.
 Cont…
6.3 Tests on concrete
Slump test

Compaction factor test

Compressive strength test (7 ,14 & 28 days )

Split tensile test(7 ,14 & 28 days)

Flexural strength test (7 ,14 & 28 days)

 Cont…
6.4 Test on Fresh Concrete
Sr.N. % of plastic Slump value Compaction factor
replaced (mm)
1 0 2 0.90
2 15 10 0.88
3 30 12 0.87

It shows the workability of plastic replaced concrete is

superior to that of normal concrete which is due to the lower
water absorption rate of plastics.

Fig 1. Compaction factor test Fig 2. Slump cone test

 Cont…
6.5 Casting Process

Material Mixing Tamping Remoulding Curing

 Cont…
6.6 Test Setup

Fig (1) Compressive Test Fig (2) Spilt Tensile Test Fig (3) Flexural Test
 7. Result
7.1 Compressive strength
Compressive strength
% of Weight in kg Peak load (KN)
(MPa)
PCA
Added 7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days

0 8.771 8.622 8.580 504.04 543.37 603.26 22.40 22.40 26.81

15 8.457 8.441 8.445 439.18 478.58 559.57 19.51 21.27 24.87

30 8.092 7.991 7.933 406.09 394.42 321.3 18.04 17.53 14.82

Formula : fcu = Pc /A
 Cont…
Comparison of compressive strength
Compressive Strength(M25)

30
Strength(N/MM²)

25

20

15

10

0
7 days 14 days 28 days
0% 22.4 22.4 26.81
15% 19.51 21.27 24.87
30% 18.04 17.51 15.82

Days

0% 15% 30%
 Cont…
Observation for compressive strength
 Compressive strength of plastic reinforced concrete is compared with
conventional concrete. From graph it is found a compressive strength up
to 92% is achieved for a mix of waste plastic up to 15% (as a
replacement for coarse aggregate) in concrete.
 The reduction in compressive strength of plastic replaced concrete is
due to deficient bonding for 30% of plastic aggregate in the matrix.
 Cont…
7.2 Split tensile test
% of Split tensile strength
Weight in kg Peak load (KN)
(MPa)
PCA
Added
7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days

0 14.185 14.385 14.420 173.80 253.05 285.33 2.45 3.58 4.036

15 13.250 13.263 13.165 139.22 206.72 248.81 1.97 2.92 3.52

30 12.660 12.635 12.605 115.48 134.30 155.36 1.63 1.90 2.19

Formula : ft = 2P /LD
 Cont…
Comparison of tensile strength
Spilt Tensile Strength(M25)
4.5

Strength(N/MM²)
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
0% 2.45 3.58 4.036
15% 1.97 2.92 3.52
30% 1.63 1.9 2.19

Days

0% 15% 30%
 Cont…
Observation for split tensile strength

 Split tensile strength up to 87% is achieved for a mix of waste plastic

up to 15% (as a replacement for coarse aggregate) in concrete.

 The reduction in strength of plastic replaced concrete is due to

deficient bonding for 30% of plastic aggregate in the matrix.
 Cont…
7.3 Flexural strength test

Peak load (KN) Flexural strength (MPa)

% of

PCA Added
7 days 14 days 28 days 7 days 14 days 28 days

0 6.64 10.27 13.59 3.58 5.54 7.34

15 4.48 7.61 10.12 2.42 4.11 5.46

30 2.20 5.47 7.22 1.19 2.95 3.84

 Cont…
Comparison of Flexural strength
Flexural Strength (M25)
8

6
Strength(N/MM²)

3 0%
15%
2
30%
1
Days
0
7 Days 14 Days 28 Days
0% 3.58 5.54 7.34
15% 2.42 4.11 5.46
30% 1.19 2.95 3.84
 Cont…
Observation for Flexural strength strength
 Flexural strength up to 75% is achieved for a mix of PCA up to 15%
(as a replacement for coarse aggregate) in concrete.

Flexural strength up to 52% is achieved for a mix of PCA up to 30%

(as a replacement for coarse aggregate) in concrete.

 The reduction in strength of plastic replaced concrete is due to

deficient bonding of plastic aggregate in the matrix.
 Cont…
7.4 Weight
 From the comparison of compressive strength , tensile strength and flexural
strength between conventional concrete and plastic replaced concrete, it is ideal to
use 15% plastic replaced concrete.

 Using the 15% plastic reinforced concrete, weight of concrete can be reduced by
around 7% to 7.5% per cubic metre of concrete(M25).

% plastic replaced(by Mass of concrete per % reduction in mass of

vol.) cu. m (kg) concrete

0 2700
7.40%
15 2500
 Cont…
7.5 Failure Pattern
 8. Conclusion
Compressive strength for concrete with 15% PCA concrete by adding steel fiber so result
approximate equal to normal concrete
Split tensile strength for concrete with 15% PCA concrete by adding steel fiber so result
approximate equal to normal concrete
Flexural strength for concrete with 15% PCA concrete by adding steel fiber so result
approximate equal to normal concrete
Compressive strength ,split tensile strength & flexural strength of concrete with more then 15%
show reduction in strength even steel fiber are added
A better workability is achieved for plastic concrete in comparison to the conventional one.
Considerable reduction in the weight results in the formation of light weight concrete.
Strength achieved for the plastic replaced concrete is slightly less than the conventional
concrete is improved by the use of steel fiber.
Recycled plastic in the construction purpose can set a benchmark by utilizing the non bio-
degradable waste and eventually minimizing the environmental pollution.
9. Future scope
 Plastic fiber can be used instead of steel fiber.
Experimental study has to be conducted for other varieties of plastic like
LDPE, PP.
Experimental study has to be conducted for other various grade of
concrete.
The fire resistance of RPC has to be tested under controlled condition to
ascertain the fire safety of the building.
The durability of such a concrete has to be tested for beams and columns
with varying proportions (0%,10%,20%,30%...) of waste plastic at
different ages.
10. References
 [1] Zainab Z. Ismail, Enas A. AL-Hashmi, “Use of waste plastic in concrete mixture as aggregate
replacement”, Volume 0956-053X/S-@August 2007.
 [2] Raghatate Atul M, “Use of plastic in concrete to improve its properties”,
Volume1/Issue111/April-june2012/109-111.
 [3] Nibudey. R.N, Nagarnaik. P. B, Parbat. D.K, Pande. A.M, “Cube and cylinder compressive
strengths of waste plastic fiber reinforced concrete”,Volume 4,No 2, 2013
 [4] Promod S. Patil, J.R Mali, Ganesh V. Tapkire, H.R Kumavat, “Innovotive Techniques of
waste plastic used in concrete mixture”,Volume: 03 Special/Issue:09/NCETCE-2014/June-2014.
 [5] T. Subramani, V.K Pugal, “Experimental study of plastic waste as a coarse aggregate for
structural concrete” Volume 4, Issue 5, May2015
 [6]R. Kamala, B. Krishna Rao, Reuse of Solid Waste from Building Demolition for the
Replacement of Natural Aggregates, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced
Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 8958, Volume - 2, Issue - 1, October 2012.
 Cont…
 7) A.M. Mustafa Al Bakri, M.N. Norazian, H. Kamarudin1, M.A.A. Mohd Salleh, and A. Alida, Strength of
Concrete Based Cement Using Recycle Ceramic Wast e As Aggregate, Advanced Materials 20 Research
Vol. 740 (2013) pp 734 - 738 (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.740.734
 8) M. Iqbal Malik, Muzafar Bashir, Sajad Ahmad, Tabish Tariq, Umar Chowdhary , Study of Concrete
Involving Use of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates, IOSR Journal of Engineering
(IOSRJEN) e - ISSN: 2250 - 3021 , p - ISSN: 2278 - 8719 Vol. 3, Issue 7 (July. 2013), ——V6 —— PP 08 - 13
.
 9) Amitkumar D. Raval, Indrajit N. Patel, Jayeshkumar Pitroda , bco - Efficient Concretes: Use Of Ceramic
Powder As A Partial Replacement Of Cement, IJITEE, ISSN: 2278 - 3075, Volume - 3, Issue - 2, July 2013.
 10) Lakshmi.R, Nagan.S, Studies on Concrete containing E plastic waste , INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENC ES Volume 1, No 3 ,2010.
 11)IS:456-2000,IS:10262-2009,
 12) concrete technology theory and practical by M.S. Shetty, Publesher -S.chand and compony limited.
 13) IS 12269 – 1987 For Cement