NURSING THEORIES

AHIRON, AMANDORON, LEE, MACROHON, PONFERADA, TAN

BSN 1-E
 Nola Pender’s
Health Promotion Model
◦ Nola J. Pender
◦ Born: August 16, 1941
◦ Dr. Pender developed the Health Promotion
Model that is used internationally for research,
education, and practice. During her active
research career, she conducted research testing on
the Health Promotion Model with adults and
adolescents. In retirement, she consults on health
promotion research nationally and internationally.
 Nola J. Pender
Born August 16, 1941

1964 – BSN at Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI

1965 – MA in Human Growth and Development from
Education Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
1969 – PhD in Psychology and Education at Northwestern
University, Evanston, IL
Selected for Portraits of Excellence, FITNE Series, Volume II
Lifetime Achievement Award, Midwest Nursing Research
Society, 2005
Distinguished Contributions to Nursing and Psychology,
NOTABLE AWARDS/HONORS: American Psychological Association, 1997
Honorary Doctorate of Science Degree, Widener University,
1992
Distinguished Contributions to Research, Midwest Nursing
Research Society, 1988
Distinguished Alumni Award, Michigan State University
School of Nursing, 1972
Assumptions:
◦ Individuals seek to actively regulate their own behavior.
◦ Individuals, in all their biopsychosocial complexity, interact with the
environment, progressively transforming the environment as well as
being transformed over time.
◦ Health professionals, such as nurses, constitute a part of the
interpersonal environment, which exerts influence on people through
their life span.
◦ Self-initiated reconfiguration of the person-environment interactive
patterns is essential to changing behavior
Definition of Concepts:
◦ Health promotion is defined as behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and
actualize human health potential. It is an approach to wellness.

◦ Health protection or illness prevention is described as behavior motivated desire to actively

avoid illness, detect it early, or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness.

◦ Individual characteristics and experiences (prior related behavior and personal factors).

◦ Behavior-specific cognitions and affect(perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to

action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, interpersonal influences, and situational
influences).

◦ Behavioral outcomes (commitment to a plan of action, immediate competing demands and

preferences, and health-promoting behavior).
Thirteen theoretical statements that come from the model.
They provide a basis for investigative work on health behaviors.

1. Prior behavior and inherited and acquired characteristics influence beliefs, affect, and
enactment of health-promoting behavior.
2. Persons commit to engaging in behaviors from which they anticipate deriving personally
valued benefits.
3. Perceived barriers can constrain commitment to action, a mediator of behavior as well
as actual behavior.
4. Perceived competence or self-efficacy to execute a given behavior increases the
likelihood of commitment to action and actual performance of the behavior.
5. Greater perceived self-efficacy results in fewer perceived barriers to a specific health
behavior.
6. Positive affect toward a behavior results in greater perceived self-efficacy, which can in
turn, result in increased positive affect.
7. When positive emotions or affect are associated with a behavior, the probability of
commitment and action is increased.
8. Persons are more likely to commit to and engage in health-promoting behaviors when
significant others model the behavior, expect the behavior to occur, and provide assistance
and support to enable the behavior.
9. Families, peers, and health care providers are important sources of interpersonal influence
that can increase or decrease commitment to and engagement in health-promoting behavior.
10. Situational influences in the external environment can increase or decrease commitment to
or participation in health-promoting behavior.
11. The greater the commitments to a specific plan of action, the more likely health-
promoting behaviors are to be maintained over time.
12. Commitment to a plan of action is less likely to result in the desired behavior when
competing demands over which persons have little control require immediate attention.
13. Persons can modify cognitions, affect, and the interpersonal and physical environment to
create incentives for health actions.
Major Concepts:
1. Personal Factors (biological, psychological, and socio-
cultural)
2. Perceived Self Efficacy
3. Activity Related Effect
4. Interpersonal Influences (norms, social support, and
modeling)
5. Situational Influences (perception, demands, and
aesthetic features)
BEHAVIORAL OUTCOMES
1. Commitment to Plan of Action
2. Immediate Competing Demands and
Preferences
3. Health Promoting Behavior
 Metaparadigm in Nursing
1. PERSON
◦ A Biopsychosocial organism with unique experiences and
attributes that determine actions
2. HEALTH
◦ "A positive dynamic state not merely the absence of
disease".
 Metaparadigm in Nursing
3.ENVIRONMENT
◦Factors, including social, cultural and physical, that surround the
individual’s life. The individual has the ability to manipulate the
environment to facilitate positive health behaviors.
4. NURSING

◦Works in collaboration with the client to create the condition for

optimal health
IN SUMMARY…

◦ Pender’s principles paved a new way of viewing nursing care but then one
should also be reminded that the curative aspect of nursing cannot be
detached from our practice.
Reference:
◦ Gonzalo, A. (2011). Theoretical Founding of Nursing. Retrieved from https://nursingtheories.weebly.com/nola-
pender.html?fbclid=IwAR362lyoAjszeDYfuyHmg6V0UoUnxJNUfyvulMR_T8Kk3X6QbSuj-EhgQ0Y
◦ Schaefer, A. (2015). Pender’s. Retrieved from https://prezi.com/v5lmgmpeogzp/penders/
◦ Nola J. Pender. (n.d.) Retrieved from https://nursing.umich.edu/faculty-staff/faculty/nola jpender