Prepared by: Ms. Fatima Grace D.

Fabillar - Social Science Faculty

Explore the concerns and
issues regarding self and
identity to arrive at a
better understanding
of one’s self.
I – VARIOUS DISCIPLINAL PERSPECTIVES
 Philosophy, Sociology, Anthropology, and Psychology and the Traditional Views between
the East and the West to provide answers to basic existential question to “Who Am I?”

II - VARIOUS ASPECTS THAT MAKE-UP THE SELF

 Physical, Sexual, Material, Digital, Political, and Spiritual Self

III – 3 AREAS OF CONCERN FOR THE STUDENTS

 Learning, Goal Setting, and Managing Stress
philos + sophia
PHILOSOPHY
Love of
loving wisdom
wisdom
SOCRATES PLATO ST. AUGUSTINE ST. AQUINAS RENE DESCARTES JOHN LOCKE

DAVID IMMANUEL SIGMUND GILBERT PAUL MAURICE

HUME KANT FREUD RYLE CHURCHLAND MERLEAU-PONTY
 Know Know oneself
imperative
Thyself more than just
facts.

Help to exercise requirement

self-control.
 Stayed up late at night because of
“soc med”

Being late to class

 Begin to ask questions, to examine things (e.g.
established beliefs).

Challenges us not to be contented with the

information provided to us (e.g. social media).

Gabriel Marcel

Experience metaphysical unease

(mental or spiritual discomfort)
The unexamined life is not worth living.
- Socrates
 Wisest Man
I know that I do not know

Self is ignorant.
Acknowledge one’s ignorance.
Open to learning new thing.
 Self or psyche
Psyche is composed of 3 elements:

Base desires Appetitive

Emotions Spirited
Reason and intellect
Rational
Mind/Nous – conscious
awareness of the self
Appetitive Spirited

Self - psyche

Rational
 Wasted Self – conversion of faith
Self is centered on religious
convictions and beliefs.
Struggle between pleasures of the body and
demands of soul in pursuit of ultimate
happiness of the self, one must be able to
recognize the love of that Supreme Being and
morally or ethically respond to that love.

Only in God can man attain true and

internal happiness.
 Man: Matter (hyle)
Form (morphe)
Hyle – man’s body is part of this matter.

Morphe – essence of a substance or thing.

Self – embodied soul

The soul is what animates the body;
it is what makes us humans.
Sense perceptions can often deceive us.
Everything must be subjected to doubt.
Self – “doubting I”
(when one thinks, he is certain that he exists)

Cogito, ergo Sum

I think therefore I am
I doubt therefore I exist
Father of Modern Philosophy
Only reason is the source knowledge
of the self.
 Self – tabula rasa/empty space
Knowledge is derived from experiences.

A
Perception is subjective.
B
To be independent in
self-examination, self-management,
and self-control.
 Self – “there is no self”
(a bundle of temporary impressions)
E Impressions
X
P – are live and vivid; direct
E
R
experiences
I
E
Ideas
N
C
– “copies” of impressions
E
 Self is transcendental
(Transcendental Unity of Apperception)
The self is an actively engaged
intelligence in man that synthesizes
all knowledge and experience.
There is necessarily a mind
organizes the impressions that men
get from external world.
 Self or I is a product of multiple
interacting processes, systems and
schemes.
Topographical Conscious
Model Unconscious
primitive
id or instinctive

Structural ego I
Model
superego above I
 May both know and do not know certain
things at the same time.

The unconscious mind often prompts

people to make certain decisions even if
they don’t recognize it on a conscious
level.

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
 PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

Freud divides the mind into three layers, or regions:

 Conscious: this is where our current thoughts, feelings, and

focus live.

 Preconscious (sometimes called the subconscious): this is the

home of everything we can recall or retrieve from our memory.

 Unconscious: at the deepest level resides a repository of the

processes that drive our behavior, including primitive and
instinctual desires (McLeod, 2013).
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
 In a Nutshell:
The id operates entirely at an
unconscious level and focuses
solely on basic, instinctual drives
and desires.
According to Freud, two biological
instincts make up the id:
a. Eros, or the instinct to survive
that drives us to engage in life-
sustaining activities.

b. Thanatos, or the death instinct

that drives destructive, aggressive,
and violent behavior.

The ego acts as both a
conduit for and a check on
the id, working to meet the
id’s needs in a socially
appropriate way. It is the
most tied to reality and
begins developing in infancy.
In a Nutshell:
The superego is the portion of the
mind in which morality and higher
principles reside, encouraging us
to act in socially and morally
acceptable ways (McLeod, 2013).
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
 Self is only a convenient name
Physical actions or behaviors (external
manifestations) are dispositions of the self.

Opposed to Rene Descartes’ view:

I act therefore I am
You are what you do
 Uses neuroscience to understand
self. He was against folk psychology.
Examines how the brain works and
its present conditions.
 Self – the living body, one’s
thoughts, emotions, and
experiences are all one.

All experiences are embodied.

The self encounters lived experiences.