Chapter 7

Hydrometeorological
Hazards
Signs of an Impending
Typhoon or Hurricane
 96 hours before landfall

● At first there aren't any apparent signs of a

storm. The barometer is steady, winds are
light and variable, and fair-weather cumulos
clouds appear.
 72 hours before landfall

● Little has change, except that the swell on the ocean

surface has increased to about six feet and the waves
come in every nine seconds. This means that the storm,
far over the horizon, is approaching.
 48 hours before landfall

● The sky is now clear of clouds, the barometer is

steady, and the wind is almost calm. The swell is
now about nine feet and coming in every eight
seconds
 36 hours before landfall

● The first signs of the storm appear. The barometer is falling

slightly, the wind is around 11mph. And the ocean swell is
about 13 feet and coming in seven seconds apart. On the
horizon, a large mass of white cirrus clouds appear. As the veil
of clouds approaches, it covers more of the horizon. A
hurricane watch is issued and areas with long evacuation
times are given the order to begin.
 30 hours before landfall

● The sky is covered by a high overcast. The

barometer is falling at 1 millibar per hour, wind pick
up to about 23 mph. The ocean swell, coming in five
seconds apart, is beginning to be abscrured by
wind-driven waves, and small whitecaps begin to
appear on the ocean surface.
 24 hours before landfall

● Small low clouds appear overhead. The barometer is falling

by 2 millibars per hour, the wind picks up to 34 mph. The wind
driven waves are covered in whitecaps, and streaks of foam
begin to ride over the surface. Evacuations should be
completed and final preparations made by this time. A
hurricane warning is issued, and people living in low lying
areas and in mobile homes are ordered to evacuate.
 18 hours before landfall

● The low clouds are thicker and bring driving rain

squalls with gusty winds. The barometer is steadily
falling at half a millibar per hour and the winds are
whistling by at 46 mph. It is hard to stand against the
wind.
 12 hours before landfall

● The rain squalls are more frequent and the winds dont
diminish they deaprt. The cloud calling is getting lower,
and the barometer is falling at 1 millibar per hour. The
wind is howling at hurricane force at 74 mph. The sea
advances with every storm wave that crashes ashore,
and foam patches.
 6 hours before landfall

● The rain is constant and the 92 mph winds drives. It

horizontally. The barometer is falling 1.5 millibar per hour.
And the storm surge has advanced above the high tide
mark. The sea surface a whitish mass of spray. It is
impossible to stand upright outside without bracing
yourself.
 1 hour before landfall

● The rain becomes heavier. Low areas inland become

flooded. The winds are at 104 mph. And the barometer is
falling at 2 millibar per hour. The sea is white with foam
and streaks. The storm surge has covered coastal roads
and 16 foot waves crash into buildings near the shore.
 Landfall- The eye of the
storm
● Just as a storm reaches its peak, the winds begin to slacken,
and the sky starts to brighten. The rain ends ubruplty, and the
cloud break and blue sky is seen. The barometer continues
falling at 3 millibar per hour and the storm surge reaches
furthest inland
● The winds fall to near calm, but the air is uncomfortably
warm and humid. Huge walls of cloud appear on every side,
brilliant while in the sunlight. At this point, the barometer stop
falling and in moment begin to rise. Soon as fast as fell. The
wind begin to pick up slightly and the clouds on the far side of
the eye wall loom overhead.
Prepared By:
CADANO, MIKKO
ARAZA, NOEL
MAÑAS, JOEY
BERBES, DINO
PACULDO, JERSON
GARTE, JAMES
DELOS REYES, JEMMIL
ABARCAR, SHAIRA