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Think:
Positive stability
Neutral stability
Negative stability
Six motions of a vessel
Directional
z
stability
Stability in motion Lateral motion stability
ahead or astern
x
y
Longitudinal Transverse
stability stability
B
△ displacement
K
The couple (righting moment)
Exterior force
M .
WL1
.. ..
G Z
B B1
K
Metacentre M
Metacentre
height
G Moment of inertia
= I
Volume of V
displacement
Vertical centre
B
Of gravity (VCG)
Vertical centre of
buoyancy (VCB)
Keel K
Ship stability
The Concept
GM BM
KB and BM depend on
Geometrical form of ship
KG KB
KM=KG+GM KM=KB+BM
Righting arm=GZ Righting
tendency
WL1
B1 G . ..
Righting moment= GZ x ∆
B . Z
B’
B’
K
Stable equilibrium
WL1
M is above G
G . .. Z
B . B’
K
Neutral equilibrium
G coincides with M G . M
WL1
. .
B
B’
K
Unstable equiblibrium
Z .. G
G is above M WL1 M .
B
.. B’
K
Metacentric height (GM)
KM is the height of Metacenter.
GZ=GM sinθ M
GM = KM - KG
θ
KM is available in
G
hydrostatic data. Z
KG is calculated by officer
Center line . B1
.. .
G
B
Z
B’
K
Metacentric radius(BM)
BM is the radius of the circle
KB depends upon the shape of the
immersed portion of the hull.
WL1
B
G.
. . Z
A P TCG
G
+ G
-
KG
Longitudinal center of
Transverse
gravity, LCG stability
Light ship KG and weight
Light ship weight and KG are calculated by naval
architects
After loading , every weight (w) will affecting the original
light ship KG and Weight.
Thinking
How to get the original data of KG of the ship?
Definition of moment
A moment is mathematical term that indicates
something, (such as a weight, force, area, or volume),
multiplied by its distance from a particular point or
axis.
A moment of a force (weight) can be expressed in force-
distance units, like tons-meters
A F B
A F B
8m
5t
A 8m F 8m B
5t 5t
A 5m F 8m B
8t 5t
A 3m 2m F 8m B
6t 11t 5t
d3
A F d2 C
d1
w1 w2 W3
A D F C
w1 w2 W3
W
W replacing w1,w2,w3, the position at which it
is placed will be the center of gravity of the
weights w1,w2,w3.
Loading weights
W’= W + w1 + w2
KG’=Sum of the moments above K
Sum of the weights
K g1 G G’ g2 =W x KG+(w1 x Kg1)+(w2 x Kg2)
W’
w1 w2 Discharging weights
W
W’= W-w1-w2
W’
KG’=’=Sum of the moments about K
Sum of the weights
=W x KG-(w1 x Kg1)-(w2 x Kg2)
W’
Example1
A vessel floating at her light draft displaces (weights) 5000
tons. The light ship KG is 20 feet above the keel. Two
hundred tons are loaded 10 feet above the keel and 300
tons 5 feet above the light ship KG.
What will be the position of the new KG?
Weights in tons KG in feet Moments in foot-tons
5000 20 100,000
200 10 2,000
300 25 7,500
5500 total weight 109500 total moment
16,800 157,700
total weights total moments
Exercise 2
A vessel displacing 5800 tons KM 7.0m KG 6.0m has to
load a quantity of deck cargo KG 11.0 m. what is the
maximum quantity that she can load so that her GM is not
less than 0.75m.
Weights in tons KG in feet Moments in meter-tons
A G G’ B
w
W W+w GG’=w x d
Weight distance Moment W+w
W is the vessel’s displacement before
W 0 0
loading the weight
w d wxd w is the weight loaded
W+w wxd d is the distance of the loaded weight
from the old center of gravity
Example4
Suppose that on a 10,000-ton vessel with a KG of 25 feet,
200 tons are shifted vertically upwards a distance of 20
feet. Find the new KG for the vessel and the shift of G in
terms of GG’.
GG’=w x d
W+w
15m
Derrick head
G G’
9920 40 40
10000
13.5 m
21m
5.5m
G G’
GMtan5⁰=0.082, so GM=0.9373
KG=KM-GM=7.800-0.9373=6.8627 m
Basic rule about movement of G:
When a weight is loaded on a vessel, G will directly
toward the position of the loaded weight
When a weight is discharge from a vessel, G will
move directly away from the position of the
discharged weight
When a weight is shifted on a vessel, G will
move parallel to the shifted weight.
When a weight is suspended on a vessel, G
will move toward the point of suspension.
Effect on stability when weight is
loaded off the centre line
Buoyancy Buoyancy
G w
G G’
gravity
gravity
M
M Θ=Angle of List
θ
GG’= GMtanθ
G
G’
B
B’
W
Example 6
A vessel of 6500 tons displacement has a KM 7.2 and
KG 6.8m. A weight of 100 tons is shifted 2.3m to port
and 3.9 m upwards if the vessel is initially upright,
calculate the resulting list.