Histology: an Introduction

Staffs
• Evy Sulistyoningrum
• Nur Signa Aini Gumilas
• Ika Murti Harini
• Tri Lestari
 Assistants
• Herlin
• Tami
• Ai
• Fitri
• Laura
• Aulia
• Aneu
• Rifka
• Annisa
• Maharani raesa
 Rules
• H:\Tata Tertib Histologi.docx
• Pre test
• Post test
• Laporan
• Identifikasi
 Books
• Atlas Histologi di Fiore
• Gartner & Hiatt, Color atlas of histology
• Wheater, Atlas Histology Fungsional
• Bloom & Fawcett, Texbook of Histology
• Leeson, Leeson, Paparo, Buku Ajar Histology
• Gartner & Hiatt, Color textbook of histology &
color atlas of histology
• Junquiera, Carneiro, Kelley, Histologi Dasar
 The Study of Tissues: Histology
• Objective:
– Tissue structure invisible to unaided eye
– Relationship between structure + function
– Basic histopathology
• 200 different cell types
• Tissue = similar cells and cell products
• Four primary tissue classes
– epithelial tissue
– connective tissue
– muscular tissue
– nervous tissue
• Organ: composed of 2 or more tissue types
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 Types of microscope
• Light microscope
– Bright-field microscope
– Dark-field microscope
– Phase-contrast microscope
– Fluorescence microscope
• Electron microscope:
– Transmission electron microscope
– Scanning electron microscope
Light microscope
Dark field
Phase contrast microscope
Fluorescent microscope
Fluorescent microscope
Transmission electrone microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Intestinal villi
Intestinal villi
Microvili
 Immunohistochemistry
• Antigen-
antibody
complex
• Specific
reaction
Inverted microscope
Light Microscope
• Oculer lens/eyepiece
• Objective lens
• Objective plate
• Micrometer
• Diafragm
• Mirror
• Lamp
• Condensor
 How to use microscope?
• Place the microscope at the flat table
• Check ocular lens & lightning
• Place the object well
• Set the objective lens from the smallest lens
• Use the micrometer to sharpen the object
• Don’t let objective lens break the glass
• Use the objective controller to move the glass
• Magnification?
 Objective lens

Objective plate

condensor

diafagma
 To be observed, tissue must be…
• Resemble real tissue in living organism
• Translucent
• Thin
• Contrast
Tissue processing
 Tissue Techniques
• Fixation
– Prevents decomposition
– Formalin, Bouin solution
• Dehidration
– Ease penetration of tissue by cearing agent
– Alcohol/ethanol
• Clearing : Prepare tissue for infiltration
• Infiltraton: prepare embedding
• Embedding
– Paraffinized block
– Can be sliced into thin piece
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 Tissue techniques
• Sectioning
• Microtome
• Sliced into thin sections 1 or 2 cells thick (5-12 µm)
• Mounting
– Mounted on object glass
– Mounting media
• Staining
– improve contrast
– colored with histological stain
• Covering
– Deck glass
Types of Tissue Sections
• Longitudinal section
– tissue cut along longest
direction of organ
• Cross section
– tissue cut perpendicular
to length of organ
• Oblique section
– tissue cut at angle
between cross and
longitudinal section

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Sectioning Solid Objects
• Sectioning a cell
with a centrally
located nucleus
• Some slices miss
the cell nucleus
• In some the
nucleus is smaller

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Sectioning Hollow Structures
• Cross section of
blood vessel, gut, or
other tubular
organ.
• Longitudinal section
of a sweat gland.
Notice what a
single slice could
look like.

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 Staining
• Hematoxylin eosin
• Acid-base reaction
• Hematoxylin
– Base stain
– Blue
– Stain acidic part
– Basophilic
• Eosin
– Acid
– Red
– Stain basic part
– Eosinofilic/acidophilic
 Staining methods: lipid
• Invisible in routine
staining
• Vacuoles
• Signet ring cell
• Oil red O
• Sudan black
Other staining
Blocked coronary artery
Alveoli of lungs with pneumonia
• Osteoporosis
• Stomach ulcer
 Thank you….
Have a nice histology practice