Theory of Architecture 2

Group 9
Balili, Lizah Melisse G.
Galletes, Angelica I.
Trinidad, Moa Alyanna
Climate Resilient Architecture

RESILIENT
 Capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation or rupture
Climate Resilient Architecture

 Elasticity, or adaptability of buildings to endure

and maintain operations in extreme climatic
events ; absorb stresses and maintain function in
the face of external stresses imposed upon it by
the climate
 resilient design strategies

 Uses durable materials

 4-sided slope roof
 Stilts
  Safe, elevated location
 Storm shutters
Resilient Design
Resilient Design
Resilient Design
House of Dakay: Oldest Stone House in Batanes

The House of Dakay was

constructed of lime and
stone in 1887.
Its walls are made of
layers of corals and
stones, and are two-feet
thick, which could stand
the pounding of strong
winds during typhoons. It
is located in the town of
Ivana.
Part II Master’s of
Architecture
Erich Mendelsohn
Rem Koolhas
Ludwig mies van der rohe
Ar. Erich Mendelsohn

-Jewish German architect,

expressionist architect
-early experiences generated a
personal philosophy of
''Dynamism'' ~demonstrated an
attitude that was both
expressionistic
Born: 21 and personal
March 1887, Olsztyn, Polandin
nature September 1953, San Francisco
Died: 15
California, United States
Project: Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Books: Erich Mendelsohn 1887-1953: A Touring
Exhibition Organised by Modern British
Architecture 1987,MORE
Education: Technical University of
Munich (1912), Technical University of Berlin
Biography

 Erich Mendelsohn was born in Allenstein, East Prussia, on March 21, 1887. He received
his architectural training in Berlin and Munich, and he set up in private practice in
Munich at the age of 25. In Munich he was friendly with leaders of the German
expressionist movement in painting. Mendelsohn returned to his practice and prepared
an exhibition of his architectural sketches. His designs showed the strong influence of
expressionism in their dynamic and dramatic use of line.
Tahara House - 1913
Allenstein
Albert Einstein Tower -1921
Postdam Germany
Mossehaus -1923
Berlin Germany
Hadassa Hospital -1937
Jerusalem Israel
Ar. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was
a German-American architect.
He is commonly referred to and
was addressed as Mies, his
surname.
Born: 27 March 1886, Aachen,
Germany
Died: 17 August 1969, Chicago,
Illinois, United States

Awards: Royal Gold Medal, AIA

Gold Medal, Presidential Medal of
Freedom, Twenty-five Year Award
Influenced by: Le Corbusier, Frank
Lloyd Wright, Peter Behrens
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Biography

 -Ludwig Mies was born in Aachen, Nordhein Westfalen, Germany

 -He has no formal training in architecture
 -Worked under Peter Behrens
 -Designed Skyscrapers of Steel and Glass which became models of skyscraper design
throughout the world
Villa Tugendhat
Czech Republic
Seagram Building
New York
Barcelona Pavilion
S. R. Crown Hall
 Remment Lucas "Rem"
Koolhaas is a Dutch architect,
architectural theorist,
Ar. Rem Koolhaas urbanist and Professor in
Practice of Architecture and
Urban Design at the Graduate
School of Design at Harvard
University.
Born
Remment Lucas Koolhaas
17 November 1944 (age 73)
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Nationality:Dutch
Alma mater:Architectural Association
School of Architecture, Cornell University
Occupation:Architect,Architectural
theorist,Urbanist
AwardsPritzker Prize (2000)
Praemium Imperiale (2003)
Royal Gold Medal(2004)
Leone d'oro alla carriera (2010)
Practice:Office for Metropolitan
Architecture
 Biography

 Born in Rotterdam, Rem Koolhaas spent four years of his youth in Indonesia, where his
father served as director or a newly formed cultural institute. Following in the
footsteps of his literary father, Koolhaas began his career as a writer. He was a
journalist for the Haase Post in The Hague, and later tried his hand at writing movie
scripts. Koolhaas's writings won him fame in the field of architecture before he
completed a single building. He graduated in Architecture Association School in
London in 1972,
CCTV Headquarters
China
Seattle Central Library  
U.S
Embassy of Netherlands
PART III: ARCHITECTURAL STYLES AND
MOVEMENTS

Expressionism Movement
EXPRESSIONISM

Expression- the process of making known one's thoughts or feelings.

 Modernist Movement
 Originated in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century
 to present the world solely from a subjective perspective

 distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.

 sought to express the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality
 developed as an avant-garde style before the First World War

 remained popular during the Weimar Republic,particularly in Berlin

 The style extended to a wide range of the arts, including expressionist architecture,

painting, literature, theatre, dance, film and music.
Expressionist Architecture

 Movement in Europe; first decade of 20th Century

 1920
Style characterized by an early modernist
Adoption of:
 novel mterials
 Formal innovation
 Unusual massing
Bruno Taut
 Alphine Architecture
 “Glasarchitektur” (Glass Architecture)
Formspiels
By Hermann Finsterlin
Scenography
 Important Events in
Expressionist Architecture
 Werkbund Exhibition (1914)
 Bruno Taut’s

PRISMATIC DOME of Glass

Pavilion
 Großes Schauspielhaus,
Berlin in 1919
 Hans Poelzig  
Erich Mendelsohn's
 Einstein Tower in Potsdam
  Erich Mendelsohn's 
interior
 Glass Chain Letters
 Crystal Chain
 Activities in Amsterdam

 movement is part of international Expressionist architecture, sometimes linked to German

Brick Expressionism.
Neue Sachlichkeit

 (New Objectivity) movement

 Glass Surfaces
 Geometric Composition
Fagus Factory and Bauhaus
by Walter Gropius
Characteristics

 Distortion of form for an emotional effect.

 Subordination of realism to symbolic or stylistic expression of inner experience.

 An underlying effort at achieving the new, original, and visionary.

 Profusion of works on paper, and models, with discovery and representations
of concepts more important than pragmatic finished products.

 Often hybrid solutions, irreducible to a single concept.

 Themes of natural romantic phenomena, such as caves, mountains, lightning, crystal and
rock formations.As such it is more mineral and elemental than florid and organic which
characterized its close contemporary art nouveau.
 Uses creative potential of artisan craftsmanship.

 Tendency more towards the gothic than the classical. Expressionist architecture also tends

more towards the Romanesque and the rococo than the classical.
 Though a movement in Europe, expressionism is as eastern as western. It draws as much

 from Moorish, Islamic, Egyptian, and Indian art and architecture as from Roman or Greek.

 Conception of architecture as a work of art.

Arstistic Movements

 Arts an Crafts
 Art Noveau
 Romanticism

 Futurist
 Constructivist

 Dada anti art Movement

Other Influence

 Frank Lloyd Wright and Antoni Gaudi

Materials
 "Coloured glass destroys hatred","Without a glass palace life is a burden","Glass brings
us a new era, building in brick only does us harm" – Paul Scheerbart, inscriptions on
the 1914 Werkbund Glass Pavilion
Brick Expressionism
Legacy

 Extended to later movements

 Art Deco

Influence in deconstructivism
 Luis Barragan
 Torres de Satelite
 During the 1960’s, Eero
Saarinen was one of America’s
principal masters of the Neo-
Expressionism movement. It is
ironic that he was also one of
America’s most successful
establishment architects. He was
able to produce a body of
significant Expressionist works for
corporate and institutional clients
who usually seek the route of
safe, conservative architecture.
Saarinen was one of the few
architects who convinced his
clients that daring,
unconventional buildings made
corporate sense.
Trans World Airlines Flight Center
 Eero Saarinen's first and most significant Neo-
Expressionist building was the TWA Terminal
(1959-1962

The fluidity of the

terminal’s exterior was
carried faithfully through
its interior, as well. The
vaulting of the roof shell
allowed for a spacious
and free-flowing interior
layout, almost entirely
devoid of spatial
boundaries. 
Expressionist architects of the 1920s

 Adolf Behne  Michel de Klerk

Hermann Finsterlin Piet Kramer
Antoni Gaudí Carl Krayl
Walter Gropius – early period Erich Mendelsohn
Hugo Häring Hans Poelzig
Fritz Höger Hans Scharoun
Bernhard Hoetger Rudolf Steiner
Bruno Taut
Expressionism change the way people thought about architecture..