Communication Strategy

Systematic technique employed

by speakers to express their
meaning when faced a language
difficulty.
Types of Communication Strategy

Nomination
Restriction
Turn-Taking
Topic Control
Topic Shifting
Termination
 Nomination

proposing a candidate or
organization

Restriction

regulation or control of
delivering speeches
 Turn-Taking

sustain a good conversation

and social relationship

Topic Control

controls of topic and observes

appropriate language forms
 Topic Shifting
moving from one topic to another
Repair
identify mistakes and finding better
words

Termination
bringing one speech to end
 12 Strategies
Message abandonment
Topic avoidance
Circumlocution
Approximation
Use of all-purpose words
Word coinage
 Use of nonverbal means
Literal translation
Foreignizing

Code Switching
Appeal for help
Use of fillers/hesitation device
 Message abandonment
You leave the message
unfinished because of the
language difficulties.
 Topic Avoidance
You try not to talk about
concepts difficult for you
to express.
 Circumlocution
You describe or
paraphrase the target
object or action.
 Approximation
You use an alternative
term to express the
meaning of the target
word as closely as
possible.
Use of all-purpose words
Expand a general word to
the context where certain
words are lacking like the
overuse of the words.
 Word Coinage
Create a new English
word based on what you
know of the way English
works like (not in the
dictionary).
Use of non verbal means
You mime, the gesture,
use facial expression and
imitate sound to express
the meaning you want.
 Literal Translation
Translate a word or an
idiom from your mother
tongue to English using
the structure of your first
language.
 Foreignizing

Use the word in your

native language but
pronounce it like English.
 Code Switching

Use the native word or

expression for the English
term that expresses the
meaning you want.
 Appeal for help

Ask other students or

your teacher for help
when you do not know or
forget some words or
structures or idioms.
Use of fillers/ hesitation devices

Use filling words to gain

time to think.
 Strategies
in
Informal Group
Discussion
Facilitator’s Role
asked to facilitate or lead
a group discussion
What to consider in planning
a discussion?

1.Cognitive factors
-Determine and
communicate objective

-Create inclusive
environment.
-Ask and encourage others
to ask good questions.

-Provide directions and

maintain focus.

-Bring Closure
2. Social/ Emotional factors

• Know the strengths and

weaknesses
• Make sure everyone is
engaged
• Be sensitive to what each
member feels
 3.Physical Factors

• Place without distractions

• Noise level

• Ventilation
Participant’s Role
Support the leader by actively
participating, be respectful and
be sensitive of how long you are
speaking. Stay positive and
engaged in the process.
 Strategies
in
Formal Group
Discussion
 Fixed Order of Business
Call to order
Roll call of members present
Reading of minutes of last meeting

Officer’s or committee reports

 Special orders

Unfinished business

New Business
Announcements

Adjournment
The Do’s & Don’ts in
Group Discussion
 Speak respectfully
Acknowledge the input
Agree to the points & offer
reasons
Disagree politely
Stay with the topic of
discussion
Observe proper decorum
 Never lose your control
Do not speak too loud
Do not interrupt the one
speaking
Do not dominate the
discussion
Do not be aggressive showing
arrogant gestures
 Components in Asian
Parliamentary Debate
Motion
(proposition)
Subject matter of debate
THW
THBT
Three types of motions
Open Motion
Semi-Closed motion
Closed Motion
 Open Motion

suggest how liberal the

government side of the
debate can define the
motion
Semi-Closed Motion

gives how much

latitude or leeway the
government side in
defining the motion
 Closed Motion

limiting in scope in
defining motions
 Speaking Order
Government Opposition

Prime Minister (7) Leader of Opposition (7)

Deputy Prime Minister (7) Deputy Leader of

Opposition (7)
Government Whip (7) Opposition Whip (7)

Gov’t Reply (4) Opp Reply (4)