Types of

General
TESTS
Guidelines
Multiple
Eugine Paul Choice
RUBIN
General Guidelines
Test the significant
information,
concepts and skills.
Avoid items based
on opinion or trivia.
Avoid using first
person pronouns
(I, we, us )
KISS your items
(Keep it short and simple)
Avoid broad, long
sentences or excessive
wordiness, and complex
statements.
Build up difficulty.
(Easy, moderate, difficult)
Do not copy verbatim from
textbooks but be careful
when rewording or
paraphrasing
Avoid grammatical
errors that lead to
wrong answers.
 Avoid giving clues for
other items such as
supplying answers for other
questions.
Avoid having patterns
of answers for ease of
scoring.
 Avoid unfamiliar
terminology, vocabulary
and concepts unless it is
relevant to the test.
Be sensitive to cultural
and gender issues
State DIRECTIONS
briefly yet concise
State the scoring
system properly
Avoid negative words
because it might be
overlooked by students
If negative words are necessary …

Highlight negative words

underline italicized bold
UPPER CASE Color Indicator
 Avoid double negatives
Which is not included in making
multiple choice except
−𝑥−= +
 Match item to the
intended outcomes as
specified in the Table of
Specifications
Parts of Multiple Choice
• a form of a question,

STEM incomplete statement or

phrase, directions, statements
or etc

OPTIONS
Which guideline in test construction
is NOT observed in this test item: STEM
Jose Rizal wrote ________
A. There must be one correct
answer Correct
Answer
B. Blank is placed at end or near
C. The alternatives must be
plausible Distracters
D. Grammar parallelism
STEM
must focus on a
single problem for
each question
 STEM
The item should be
meaningful by itself and
should present a definite
problem.
STEM has a definite problem

A cell:
A. is a battery.
B. is the basic unit of life.
C. is a gadget.
D. is the prisoner’s place
 STEM
Avoid giving clues linking
the stem to the correct
answer
 TEST WISE STUDENTS
A word used to describe a A word used to describe a
noun is called an: noun is called a/an:
A. Adjective A. Adjective
B. Conjunction B. Conjunction
C. Pronoun C. Pronoun
D. Verb D. Verb
OPTIONS
must be plausible or
attractive or closely
related to each other in
order to increase difficulty.
Plausible Distracters
Who is the national hero Who is the national hero
of the Philippines? of the Philippines?
A. Andres Bonifacio A. Andres Bonifacio
B. Emilio Aguinaldo B. Emilio Aguinaldo
C. Jose Rizal C. Jose Rizal
D. Wellie Revillame D. Juan Luna
OPTIONS
must be of the same
length. Sometimes, the
longest is the correct
answer.
OPTIONS
must have
only one
correct answer
OPTIONS
Scarcely use “none
of the above” and
“all the above”
OPTIONS
must not use “none of
the above” in a “best
answer” question
OPTIONS
must have the same
grammatical form unless it
has a relevant purpose on
the test
FACE VALIDITY
Done through a careful and
critical examination of the
physical appearance of the
instrument.
FACE VALIDITY
It includes Font Style,
FONT SIZE, indention,
lay-out, alignment,
spacing, design and etc.
OPTIONS
must not contain
repetitive words
 NO REPETIVE WORDS
How is the brain protected from How is the brain protected
injury? from injury? It is enclosed
A. It is enclosed with water with _____.
B. It is enclosed with ribs A. cartilage
C. It is enclosed with cartilage B. ribs
D. It is enclosed with a skull C. skull
D. water
OPTIONS
must be in ascending or
descending orders when dealing
with numbers, dates of events,
levels of complexity or even to be
arranged alphabetically.
Two students got a perfect score in a 40 –
item test items should be ranked ________

A. 1.0 A. 1.0 A. 2.5

B. 2.0 B. 1.5 B. 2.0
C. 1.5 C. 2.0 C. 1.5
D. 2.5 D. 2.5 D. 1.0
In what year did the Japanese bomb the
American base at Pearl Harbor?

a) 1939 a) 1939 a) 1942

b) 1940 b) 1942 b) 1941
c) 1941 c) 1941 c) 1940
d) 1942 d) 1940 d) 1939
OPTIONS
must be indented
1. Teacher Luigi found out that more from the lower group got item #16 correctly in
the item analysis. This means that the item no. 16 has ___________.
A. Negative discriminating power
B. Maximum discrimination power INDENT
OPTIONS
C. Positive discriminating power
D. Zero discriminating power

1. Teacher Luigi found out that more from the lower group got item #16 correctly in
the item analysis. This means that the item no. 16 has ___________.
A. Negative discriminating power
B. Maximum discrimination power
C. Positive discriminating power
D. Zero discriminating power
OPTIONS
must be arranged on
the same order.
 a. Mean b. mode
c. Median d. Mean and Mode
1. The point of the distribution which divides the groups into two equal part is ________
a. Mean b. mode
c. Median d. Mean and Median

2. What type of test is given at the end of the instruction which may not be used for
grading?
A. Formative test C. diagnostic test
B. Placement test D. summative test

A. Formative test C. diagnostic test

B. Placement test D. summative test
 A. Mean C. Mode
B. Median D. Mean and Mode
1. The point of the distribution which divides the groups into two equal part is ________
A. Mean C. Mode
B. Median D. Mean and Median

2. What type of test is given at the end of the instruction which may not be used for
grading?
A. Formative test C. Diagnostic test
B. Placement test D. Summative test

A. Formative test C. Diagnostic test

B. Placement test D. Summative test
OPTIONS
must be aligned
 Options must be aligned
1. Which is true in bell-shape curve?
A. Most of the scores are high C. There are more high scores than low scores
B. The scores are normally distributed D. There are more low scores than high scores

2. The point of the distribution which divides the groups into two equal part is ________
A. Mean B. Mode
C. Median D. Mean and Median

3. What type of test is given at the end of the instruction which may not be used for
grading?
A. Formative test C. Diagnostic test
B. Placement test D. Summative test
1. Which is true in bell-shape curve?
A. Most of the scores are high
B. There are more high scores than low scores
C. The scores are normally distributed
D. There are more low scores than high scores

2. The point of the distribution which divides the groups into two equal part is ________
A. Mean C. Mode
B. Median D. Mean and Median

3. What type of test is given at the end of the instruction which may not be used for
grading?
A. Formative test C. Diagnostic test
B. Placement test D. Summative test
STEM AND OPTIONS

must be placed on
a single page
STEM AND OPTIONS
Stem and options must be
grammatically consistent
(parallelism, and form)
Parallelism
These four pictures show
A. heat and light
B. heating and sound
C. lighting and sound
D. sounds and colorful
STEM AND OPTIONS
If the stem is plural,
options must be plural
(singular – singular)
STEM AND OPTIONS

Provide space
after each item
1. Teacher Luigi found out that more from the lower group got item #16 correctly in the
item analysis. This means that the item no. 16 has ___________.
A. Negative discriminating power
B. Maximum discrimination power
C. Positive discriminating power
D. Zero discriminating power
2. Which is true in bell-shape curve?
A. Most of the scores are high C. There are more high scores than low scores
B. The scores are normally distributed D. There are more low scores than high scores
3. The point of the distribution which divides the groups into two equal part is ________
A. Mean B. Mode
C. Median D. Mean and Median
1. Teacher Luigi found out that more from the lower group got item #16 correctly in the
item analysis. This means that the item no. 16 has ___________.
A. negative discriminating power
B. maximum discrimination power
C. positive discriminating power
D. zero discriminating power

2. Which is true in bell-shape curve?

A. Most of the scores are high
B. There are more high scores than low scores
C. The scores are normally distributed
D. There are more low scores than high scores

3. The point of the distribution which divides the groups into two equal part is ________
A. mean C. mode
B. median D. mean and median
How was your multiple
choice type of test?
Thank you so
much for listening!