Application of Forward Osmosis for

Effluent treatment and

Concentration of Organic Compound
Pratik K. Koradiya1, Hiren D. Raval2, Jilesh M. Pandya1*
1M.E. Scholar, V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot
2CSIR-Central salt & marine chemical research institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364021
Enrollment no: 130470730005

Introduction
 Water is one of the primary element for living being,
and demand of water has been increases day by day
due to rapid growth in population and
industrialization as well. There are plenty of sources
of water but they are not safe for human
consumption this is a sensitive problem of many
areas of the world.
 So, one has to invent a technology that will mitigate
the demand of water. there are two ways to produce
water for mitigate demand one is by desalination
and second by treatment or recovery of water from
effluent or waste water.
 There are various methods are available for
desalination and effluent or waste water treatment
such as microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration
and reverse osmosis among all reverse osmosis is
highly efficient and sound method but it has also
certain limitation such as high hydraulic pressure low
feed recovery rate, membrane fouling etc.
Forward Osmosis
Effluent Treatment
Literature review
1. Treatment of effluent contain triton-x-100
 Basic idea is to extract maximum amount of water from
1. Tzahi Y. Cath a, Amy E. Childress b, Menachem
effluent stream rather than treatment.
Elimelech c, “Forward osmosis: Principles,
 One liter of toxic solvents can pollute 10 million liters
applications, and recent developments”, Journal of
groundwater.
Membrane Science, 2006,281, 70–87.
 This paper is deal with followings basic concepts which Feed solution: (4% Triton-x-100, 95% Water, 1% Agarose)
are very important to understood forward osmosis.
Draw solution: 2.5M Mg(No3)2
2. Dieling Zhao, PengWang, Qipeng Zhao, Ningping Chen, Membrane module: Spiral wound
Xianmao Lu, “Thermo responsive copolymer-based
Experimental setup:
draw solution for seawater desalination in a combined
process of forward osmosis and membrane
distillation”, Desalination, 2014,348, 26–32.
Module : Plate and frame
Membrane: Cellulose acetate from (Hydration tech. inc)
Flow pattern: Counter current
Feed solution: DI water and NaCl
Draw solution: sodium styrene 4-sofonate co-n isopropyl
acrylamide

Initial Final Initial

Experimental Sample volume volume TDS
Final TDS
(ppm)
Concentration of Organic Compound ( ml ) ( ml ) (ppm)
Draw
Experiment No 1. Concentration of N-N Dimethyl formamide 1000 2300 43600 33200
solution
Draw solution: 5M MgCl2 Feed
2500 200 292 779
Feed solution: 5% N-N Dimethyl formamide solution
 Time duration of experiment : 14 hr.
Module: Plate and Frame
 Concentration of feed solution was measured by HPLC
Flow: Counter current Time interval Concentration(%)
Membrane type: Thin film composite Initial 0hr 4
Membrane material: Polyamide Polysulfone 12hr 10.84
 Result and discussion of Experiment 1.
Oil –water Separation
1st Run  Oil-water separation is a global issue.
Membrane module and material  Conventional methods can be replace by membrane
Initial
Sample Final volume Time separation methods.
 At the initial stage plate and frame module was volume
 Experimental setup is similar to that of triton-x-100.
used having effective membrane surface area Draw
900ml 920ml 1hr Feed solution: (1gm/liter Hydraulic oil, 1ml triton-x-100, 5000
(0.0125 m2 ). solution
 Thin film composite membrane was used having Feed solution 800ml 780ml 1hr ppm NaCl)
Polysulfone polyamide material in which
Polysulfone act as support layer and polyamide Result: 20ml separation in 1hr Draw solution: 4M KCl
act as active layer. Initial Refractive Index: 1.3369 Result and discussion: ( Time duration of exp. 6hr)

2nd Run Initial Final Initial Final

Sample Initial Final volume Time Sample volume volume TDS TDS
volume
Draw 935ml 950ml 1hr ( ml ) ( ml ) (ppm) (ppm)
 Fabrication of spiral wound module
solution Draw
Feed solution 765ml 750ml 1hr 1000 3000 123000 61680
solution
Result: 15ml separation in1hr
Feed
Final Refractive Index: 1.3426 3000 1000 4500 6730
 it can be observer from the result that formamide is solution
getting concentrated as volume of feed decreases which
 Concentration of oil in the feed solution was measured by
 To overcome limitation of plate and frame evaluated by refractive index measured by refractometer.
UV-Spectro-photometer.
module we fabricate spiral wound module from
43

9.142

domestic RO membrane element which provide  Application : This concept can be use for separation of Sample Oil in Oil in
56

feed draw
3

solvent from extracted phase by forward osmosis instead

4 54

more effective membrane surface area (0.6 m2 )

3
4

of distillation. (ppm) Solution

2
10
4
3

and can be operated at high flow rate.

84 7

5.000
3

(ppm)
27
Abs.

7
6 7
5 8
4

1 1548.75 0
7
9

1. Tzahi Y. Cath a, Amy E. Childress b, Menachem Elimelech c, “ Forward osmosis: Principles, applications, and recent developments,
3

433432
6
5
8

6887

Journal of Membrane Science 281 (2006) 70–87.

12
11
13

5 2533.75 201.25
221222312 3

11
12
1

2. Qingchun Ge, Mingming Ling, Tai-Shung Chung, “Draw solutions for forward osmosis processes: Developments, challenges, and
566 10

0.000
7546766

545
9

58
5

43
6

prospects for the future”, Journal of Membrane Science442(2013)225–237. Conclusion: -1.000

185.00 300.00
nm .
400.00 500.00

3. Jeffrey R. McCutcheon, Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech, “Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis:  FO is natural process, energy consumption will less but
Influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance”, Journal of Membrane Science 278 (2006) 114–123. though it is natural time consumption is more.
4. Dieling Zhao, PengWang, Qipeng Zhao, Ningping Chen, Xianmao Lu, “Thermo responsive copolymer-based draw solution for  Problem of ICP (internal concentration polarization.
seawater desalination in a combined process of forward osmosis and membrane distillation”, Desalination 348 (2014) 26–3