REVIEW FOR THE

COLLEGE ENTRANCE
EXAMINATION
Grammar and Communication
GRAMMAR
 VERB TENSES
SIMPLE ASPECT:
1. SIMPLE PRESENT: the present in general
a. To talk about our thoughts at the present
I am very excited.
b. To talk about a settled state of affairs which
includes the present moment
He lives in Mandaluyong now.
c. To say something is always or generally true
The Earth revolves around its axis.
 VERB TENSES
d. To talk about something that a particular person
does regularly or habitually
I get up early during weekdays.
e. To discuss what happens in a book, play, or film
In the movie, he plays the role of a villain.
f. To describe an event such as a sports match or a
ceremony at the time it is happening
Leo takes the ball, then passes it quickly to Fred.
Fred turns, shoots, and scores two points.
 VERB TENSES
SIMPLE ASPECT:
2. SIMPLE PAST: Stating a definite time in the past
a. To say that an event occurred in the past
The country officials visited Indonesia last week.
b. To say that a situation existed over a period of time
in the past
He lived in his ancestral home in the countryside
during his last years.
c. To talk about an activity that took place regularly/
repeatedly in the past, but which no longer occurs.
We swam in the river a great deal in my childhood.
 VERB TENSES
SIMPLE ASPECT:
3. SIMPLE FUTURE: An expression of what we think
might happen or what we intend to happen
a. To say something is planned to happen, or that we
think it is likely to happen in the future
Kevin will visit his best friend during his vacation
next month.
b. To talk about general truths and to say what can be
expected to happen if a particular situation arises
An attack of dengue fever can keep a man off work
for a few days.
 VERB TENSES
PERFECT ASPECT:
1. PRESENT PERFECT: the past in relation
to the present
a. To mention something that happened in
the past but we do not want to state a
specific time
I have read the book several times.
 VERB TENSES
PERFECT ASPECT:
2. PAST PERFECT: events before a particular
time in the past
a. To talk about a past event or situation
occurred before a particular time in the
past
By noon, students had gathered at the
quadrangle with their placards.
 VERB TENSES
PERFECT ASPECT:
3. FUTURE PERFECT:
To refer to something that has not happened
yet, but will happen before a particular time
in the future
By the time he graduates, his parents will
already have left for New Zealand.
 VERB TENSES
PROGRESSIVE ASPECT:
1. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE:
a. To talk about something that is happening at the
moment we are speaking
I’m already feeling bored and hungry.
b. To emphasize the present moment or to indicate
that a solution is temporary
She’s spending her summer in her hometown.
 VERB TENSES
d. To indicate changes, trends, developments,
and progress
His performance in class is improving.
e. To talk about habitual action that takes place
regularly, especially one which is new and
temporary
She’s using a lot of clothes these days.
 VERB TENSES
PROGRESSIVE ASPECT:
2. PAST PROGRESSIVE:
a. To talk about continued states or repeated actions
which occurred in the past
His body was trembling; his fever was rising.
b. To contrast a situation with an event which
happened just after that situation existed.
We were standing at the main gate waiting to
welcome the guest speaker.
 VERB TENSES
PROGRESSIVE ASPECT:
3. FUTURE PROGRESSIVE:
a. To say something will surely happen because
arrangements have been made
They will be sending their students regularly to the
University for proficiency enhancement.
b. To emphasize the duration of a recent event
She’s been crying bitterly.
 VERB TENSES
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE ASPECT:
1. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE:
a. To talk about an activity or situation that started at
some time in the past, continued, and is still
happening now
The economy has been declining in many parts of
the world.
 VERB TENSES
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE ASPECT:
2. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE:
a. To emphasize the recentness and duration of a
continuous activity which took place before a
particular time in the past
The old woman had been living alone in that old
house.
b. To say that something was expected, wished for, or
intended before a particular time in the past
I had been expecting a phenomenal rise in his
political career.
 VERB TENSES
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE ASPECT:
3. FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE:
a. To emphasize the duration of an event at a specific
time in the future
By January 2020, she will have been serving this
university for 38 years.