CHAPTER I

PERSONALITY
Chapter Objectives
 Be able to define personality according to
different perspectives
 Be able to explain what is personality
development
 Be able to discuss theories about the nature
of personality
 Be able to enumerate the elements that
affect personality according to the varied
theories of personality
 Be able to differentiate between nature and
nurture
 Be able to recall “Big Five” traits; and
 Be able to synthesize on the agencies that affect
the development of personality
PERSONALITY
 Conglomeration of an individual’s thoughts,
feelings, emotions, attitudes, intelligence,
interest and abilities
 Combination of trait patterns
 Makes one distinct
 Summation of overt and covert behaviour
 Combination of physiological,
psychological, and emotional facets
 Came from Latin word Persona-mask refers
to what people project which includes the
inner areas of psychological experiences
which we collectively call as our “self ”
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
 Development
- Entails progression either quantitatively or
qualitatively
- Either or both ways
Theories of Personality
 Psychodynamic theory (Sigmeund
Freud)
 Three major systems
ID- instant gratification of physiological needs
and urges
Ego- “self ”; rational and realistic area of the
system
Superego- moral arm of one’s persona;
consccience
 Behaviorism (John D.Watson)
-overt responses
- use of rewards and punishments
-B.F. Skinner-behaviorist
 Humanistic Behaviors (Carl Rogers)
 How a persons behave depends upon his
reality and not from his environment
 Parallel to Abraham Maslow’s Theory
 Personality- reflection of ones needs where
fulfilled
 Trait Theory
- Personality is exhibited in one’s common
traits or characteristic way of behaving
Goldon Allport- organized the thousands
personality traits into a hierarchy (master
control)
-Central traits
- secondary Traits
Hans Eysenck- emphasized that biological
inheritance is the origin of human traits
- extroversion vs. Introversion
- neuroticism vs. Stability
- psychoticism vs. socialization
 Unstable
Moody Tough
Rigid Aggressive
Unsociable Excitable EXTROVER
Pessimist
Quiet Active
Passive Sociable
Thoughtful Outgoing
Controlled Responsive
Reliable Lively
Calm Leader
Stable
Factors affecting the development of
personality
No two person’s are alike
 Nature
- person’s biological inheritance
- 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pair
bleprint of one’s total system
- Genes
- Genetic
 Nurture
- Environment
- Physical and social environment
- Family
- Schools
- Government
- Mass media
- Church
BASIC PERSONALITY TRAITS
 Openness to experience
- Wide interests -Creativity
- Curiousity -Innovativeness
- Flexibility -Vivid fantasy
- Artistic senssitivity
- High motivation
- -Unconventional attitudes
 Conscientiousness
- Highly organized
- Diligent
- Disciplined
- Punctual
- dependable
 Extraversion
- Very friendly
- Assertive
- Gregarious
 AGREEABLENESS
- Trusting
- Cooperative
- Highly dependable in nature
- Selfless
 NEUROTICISM
- Highly anxious and nervous
What is your personality
 Cardiologist Friedman and R. H. Rosenman
- Conducted a study on a personality types;
type A and B
TYPE A
 High-achievers
 Constantly n a race to achieve higher goals
 Difficult to accept failure
 Time is an opponent
 Sense of urgency makes them edgy
 They need to compete
 Driven people
TYPE B
 Know their abilities and work steadily
 Not too stressed out to excel
 Enjoy games and competitions
 Reflective and innovative
 Too relaxed- and laid back
 even- tempered
 Live less stressful lives
THANK YOU!!!