Prepared by:

Joseph F. Obra
Communication
- The exchange of information and
understanding.
- Applies to all management
functions and its general purpose
for the organization to bring
positive changes that influence
activities leading to the firm’s
welfare.
Elements of Communication
1. Input
2. Sender
3. Code
4. Channel
5. Noise
6. Receiver
7. Output
8. Feedback
Communication
The communication process starts with
the sender who has an idea or a
message, which is then transmitted
through a selected channel to the
receiver, who in turn has to be ready
for the reception of the message, so
that it could be decoded into
thoughts.
 Communication
Accurate communication
occurs when the sender and
the receiver understand one
another (Hobbins and
Coulter2009)
Types Of Communication
Verbal Communication – Refers to
oral and written communication
Non-Verbal Communication –
refers to communication through
body movements, gestures, facial
expressions, eye contact or body
contact
Classification of Communication
Formal Communication – if
communication takes place within
prescribed, routine organizational
work arrangement
Informal Communication – if
communication is not defined by
an organizational structure.
Direction and Flow of
Communication
1. Vertical Communication – involves
communication flow between people
belonging to different organizational
levels.
2. Upward Communication – the flow of
information from an employee who
belongs to a lower hierarchal level to the
boss/manager who belong to higher
hierarchal level.
Direction and Flow of
Communication
3. Downward Communication
– the flow of information from
the manager, who belongs to
higher hierarchal level, to the
subordinates/ employees, who
belong to lower hierarchal level.
 Direction and Flow of
Communication
4. Horizontal/lateral Communication –
takes place among employees belonging to
the same hierarchal level.
5. Diagonal Communication – entails
communicating with someone or others
who belong to a different departments or
units and different hierarchal levels.
Communication Networks in
Organization
1. Chain network – Communication flows
according to the usual formal chain of
command, downward and upward.
2. Wheel Network – where communication
flows between a leader and other members
of their group/team.
3. All-chain network – where
communication flows freely among all
members of a team.
Barriers of Communication
1. Filtering – the shaping of
information communicated in
order to make it look good or
advantageous to the receiver.
2. Emotions – the interpretation of
communications which may be
influence by extreme emotions
felt by the receiver.
Barriers of Communication
3. Information Overload – there are
to many pieces of information
received by an individual may have a
negative effect on person’s processing
capacity.
4. Defensiveness – the act of self
protection when people are
threatened by something or
someone.
Barriers of Communication
5.Language – words used may have
different meaning to different people
belonging to different age,
educational background, or cultural
group.
6. National culture – just like
language, prevailing national
culture.
Overcoming Communication
Barriers
1. Using feedback – this is
usually done by asking
questions about memo sent
to subordinates or asking
them to give their comments
or suggestions.
Overcoming Communication
Barriers
2. Using simple language
3. Active listening
4. Controlling emotions
5. Observing Body
Language