• What is Drug Resistance

• What is Multiple Drug Resistance

• Mechanism Of Attaining Multiple Drug
Resistance
• Common Multiple Drug Resistance Organisms
• Advantages And Disadvantages Of MDR
Drug Resistance (Antimicrobial Resistance) is
reduction in effectiveness of a drug in curing a
disease.

Types of Resistances

• Natural Resistance
• Acquired Resistance
• Some microbes have always been resistance to
certain AMA’s (Antimicrobial Antibodies)

• They also lack metabolic processes or target site

that is affected by specific drug.

Acquired Resistance

• Resistance may be developed by mutations

and gene transfer.
 Multiple Drug Resistance

• Multiple drug resistance or Multidrug

resistance is a condition enabling a
diseases-causing organism to resist
distinct drugs or chemicals of wide
variety of structure and function targeted
at eradicating the organism.
• Multiple drug - resistance organisms are defined
as microorganisms that are resistance to one or
more classes of antimicrobial agents.

• Examples of MDRO’s -:

• Methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus

(MRSA)
• Vancomycin- intermediate staphylococcus aureus
• Vancomycin- resistance entrococcus
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in
different parts of the body.
• The symptoms of MRSA depend on where
you're infected. Most often, it causes mild
infections on the skin, like sores, boils, or
abscesses. But it can also cause more serious
skin infections or infect surgical wounds, the
bloodstream, the lungs, or the urinary tract.
• Vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus
aureus(VISA) infection is a condition caused by
bacteria . This infection occurs when bacteria,
called Staphylococcus aureus or Staph,
becomes resistant to the antibiotic medicine
vancomycin. The Staph bacteria are commonly
found on the skin and in the nose.

• With VISA infection, the wrong or frequent use of

vancomycin causes the Staph bacteria to become
resistant. You may need a higher dose of vancomycin
to stop the growth of Staph.
• Everyone has certain bacteria, called entrococci,
that live in their intestines and genital tract.
They’re also found in the environment.
• Most of the time they don’t cause any
problems, but sometimes they can trigger
infections. When they do, they’re treated with a
powerful antibiotic called vancomycin.
• Sometimes, the bacteria become resistant to
the antibiotic. That means they can live even
though the drug is designed to kill them.
These superbugs are called vancomycin
resistant enterococci , or VRE. They are
dangerous because they are more difficult to
treat than regular infections.