SBT – AUG 2019

REAL NUMBERS and

Their Properties
by
Ms Imrana
Student Objective:.
• Students will be able to apply order of
operations to solve problems with real
numbers and apply their properties, by
performing the correct operations, using
math facts skills.
 Set A collection of objects.
Set Notation { }
Natural Counting numbers {1,2,3, …}
numbers
Natural numbers and 0.
Previous Knowledge

Whole
Numbers {0,1,2,3, …}
Integers Positive and negative natural
numbers and zero {… -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}
Rational A real number that can be expressed
Number as a ratio of integers (fraction)
Irrational Any real number that is not rational.
Number  2 , 
Real Numbers All numbers associated with
the number line.
 Essential Questions:
• How do you know if a number is a
rational number?

• What are the properties used to

evaluate rational numbers?
Two Kinds of Real Numbers
• Rational Numbers

• Irrational Numbers
 Rational Numbers
• A rational number is EXAMPLES OF
a real number that RATIONAL NUMBERS
can be written as a 16
ratio of two 1/2
integers. 3.56
• A rational number -8
written in decimal 1.3333…
form is terminating -3/4
or repeating.
 Irrational Numbers
• An irrational • Square roots of
number is a
number that
non-perfect
cannot be written “squares”
as a ratio of two
integers. 17
• Irrational numbers
written as • Pi- īī
decimals are non-
terminating and
non-repeating.
Venn Diagram: Naturals, Wholes, Integers, Rational

Real Numbers

Rationals
6.7 0.8
Integers
5 11 5
 Wholes 3
9 0 2
Naturals 7
1, 2, 3...
 Reminder
• Rational numbers • IRRATIONAL
are all the NUMBERS are
positive, negative, usually decimals
fraction, and that do not
decimal numbers terminate or repeat.
you have heard They go on forever.
of.
• Examples: π
2
3
 Properties

A property is something that is true for all

situations.
 Six Properties
1. Distributive
2. Commutative
3. Associative
4. Identity properties
5. Inverse properties
6. Closure
 Algebra terms
commute
when they trade places
xy
y x
This is a statement of the
commutative property
for addition:

x y  y x
It also works for
multiplication:

xy  yx
 Commutative Property
of addition and multiplication
Order doesn’t matter

Ax B= B xA
A+B = B +A
This is a statement of the
Associative Property:

( x  y)  z  x  ( y  z )
The variables do not change
their order.
The Associative Property
also works for
multiplication:

( xy)z  x( yz )
 Associative Property of
multiplication and Addition

Associative Property  (a · b) · c = a · (b · c)
Example: (6 · 4) · 3 = 6 · (4 · 3)

Associative Property  (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
Example: (6 + 4) + 3 = 6 + (4 + 3)
The distributive property
only
has one form.
Not one for . . .and one for
addition multiplication
. . .because both
operations are
used in one property.
 This is an example
of the distributive
property.

4(2x+3) =8x+12
2x +3
4 8x 12
 Here is the distributive
property using variables:

x( y  z )  xy  xz
y +z
x xy xz
 x_
0x
The above is the additive
identity property
for addition.
is the identity element
0for addition.
 1 x
x(_)
The above is the identity
property
for multiplication.
is the identity element
1for multiplication.
 Identity Properties

If you add 0 to any number, the number stays

the same.
A + 0 = A or 5 + 0 = 5

If you multiply any number times 1, the

number stays the same.

A x 1 = A or 5 x 1 = 5
 Inverse Properties
If you add -A to the number A, the Answer
will be Zero
A + (-A) = 0 or 5 + (-5) = 0

If you multiply any number by its

reciprocal, the answer will be 1 .

A x1/A = 1 or 5 x 1/5 = 1
 Closure properties
• If we add or multiply two real
numbers their sum or product is also
a real number.
• 3,5Є R So 3+5=8 Є R
• Similarly
• 3,5Є R So 3×5=15 Є R
 Example 1: Identifying Properties of Addition
and Multiplication
Name the property that is illustrated in each
equation.
A. (–4)  9 = 9  (–4)
(–4)  9 = 9  (–4) The order of the numbers changed.
Commutative Property of Multiplication

B.
The factors are grouped
differently.
Associative Property of Addition
 Example 2: Using the Commutative and
Associate Properties
Simplify each expression. Justify each step.
29 + 37 + 1

29 + 37 + 1 = 29 + 1 + 37 Commutative Property
of Addition

Associative Property of
= (29 + 1) + 37
Addition
= 30 + 37 Add.

= 67
 Recap of the topic
Name the property that is illustrated in each
equation.
Associative Property of Add.
1. (–3 + 1) + 2 = –3 + (1 + 2)
Commutative Property of Multiplication
2. 6  y  7 = 6 ● 7 ● y

Simplify the expression. Justify each step.

22
3.

Write each product using the Distributive Property.

Then simplify
392
4. 4(98)
224
5. 7(32)
 Success Criteria

• Remember to distinguish between

different properties of Real
numbers carefully
Thank you