SINCE - 1996

PRAKASA SPECTROCAST PVT LTD

NDT TRAINING DIVISION
 ASNT NDT LEVEL I & II Training & Certification Course.
 Real time true deep & testing experience in our workshop.

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Definition of NDT:

Testing the material without changing any

physical property and integrity of a material
i.e. Inspect or measure without doing harm.

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 Why Non-destructive?

 Test piece too precious to be destroyed.

 To reuse test piece after inspection.

 Test piece is in service.

 For quality control purpose.

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 Fields where NDT is used:
 Mechanical Engineering.
 Aerospace Engineering.
 Civil Engineering.
 Electrical Engineering.
 Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering.
 Medicine.
 Forensics.
 Security.
 Art.

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Defectology:
Discontinuity :

A Discontinuity is defined as the

interruption in the physical property
of a material under investigation.

Defect :
A defect is a discontinuity which
interrupts with the function of the
part.

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 Most Common NDT Methods

 Ultrasonic Testing.

 Magnetic particle Testing.

 Liquid Penetrant Testing.

 Radiographic Testing.

 Visual Testing.

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 Ultrasonic Testing:
Introduction:
In ultrasonic testing, high-frequency sound
waves are transmitted into a material to
detect imperfections or to locate changes
in material properties.

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 The Basic principal of Ultrasonic Testing is
Acoustic Impedance Mismatchment.

 Human audible Range is 20Hz - 20KHz.

Less than 20Hz - Infrasound.
Grater than 20KHz – Ultrasound.

 Sound for testing metals : 0.5MHz - 10MHz.

 Special Applications : 10MHz - 25MHz.

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Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)
Introduction:
A nondestructive testing method used for sub surface defect
detection. Fast and relatively easy to apply and part surface
preparation is not as critical as for some other NDT methods.
MPI one of the most widely utilized nondestructive testing
methods.

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Testing Procedure of MPT:
Basic steps involved:

 Component pre-cleaning
 Introduction of magnetic field
 Application of magnetic media
 Interpretation
 Demagnetization
 Post cleaning

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Crane Hook with Service Induced Crack

Fluorescent, Wet Particle Method

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Examples of visible dry magnetic particle indications

Indication of a crack in a saw blade Indication of cracks running between

attachment holes in a hinge

Indication of cracks in a weldment

Before and after inspection pictures of cracks
emanating from a hole

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 Dye Penetrant Testing

Introduction:
Liquid penetrant inspection is a method that is used to
reveal surface breaking flaws by bleed out of a colored
or fluorescent dye from the flaw.

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 Principle of Penetrant testing is capillary action.

 PT increases the “see ability” of small discontinuities

that the human eye might not be able to detect alone.

 These are an aid to visual inspection.

 Will only find surface defects.

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CHEMICALS USED IN PENETRANT TESTING:

 CLEANER

 PENETRANT

 DEVELOPER
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 Testing Procedure of DPT

Basic steps involved:

 Pre-Cleaning
 penetrant Application
 Excess penetrant Removel
 Developer Application
 Inspect
 Post-cleaning

17

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 RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING:
An NDT method that utilizes x-rays or gamma
radiation to detect discontinuities in materials, and
to present their images on recording medium.

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 Radiation Sources
Two of the most commonly used sources of radiation
in industrial radiography are x-ray generators and
gamma ray sources. Industrial radiography is often
subdivided into “X-ray Radiography” or “Gamma
Radiography”, depending on the source of radiation
used.

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X-ray Radiography:
The cathode contains a small
filament much the same as in a
light bulb.
Current is passed through the
filament which heats it. The heat
causes electrons to be stripped off. High Electrical
Potential
The high voltage causes these Electrons
+ -
“free” electrons to be pulled
toward a target material (usually X-ray or
Radioactiv
made of tungsten) located in the Generator
anode. e Source
Creates
The electrons impact against the Radiation
target. This impact causes an Radiation
energy exchange which causes x- Penetrate
rays to be created. the Sample
Exposure
Recording Device

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Lack of penetration

Slag Inclusions
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Examples of radiographs:

Cracking : can be detected in a radiograph only the crack is propagating in a

direction that produced a change in thickness that is parallel to the x-ray beam.
Cracks will appear as jagged and often very faint irregular lines. Cracks can
sometimes appearing as "tails" on inclusions or porosity.

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 VISUAL TESTING:
Visual examination is a common non-destructive
examination method used for weld inspection. Visual
examination can be used to supplement other non-
destructive examination methods, aiding in the detection
and confirmation of external discontinuities.

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Most basic and common
inspection method.

Tools include fiberscopes,

borescopes, magnifying
glasses and mirrors.

Robotic crawlers permit

observation in hazardous or
tight areas, such as air ducts,
reactors, pipelines.

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 A bevel angle of 0-60 Measurement of undercut.
degrees can be measured.

Measurement of weld Measurement of fillet weld

reinforcement leg size

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This shows a weld size of 5/16" This weld requires more reinforcement

Use of fillet guage for concave weld

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ANY QUERIES?

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PRAKASA SPECTRO CAST PVT LTD

 NDT TRAINING & CERTIFICATION

 NDT TESTING SERVICES

.Prakash Nagar, Enikepadu, Vijayawada – 501 108, A.P.

E-mail: psc.ndttraining@gmail.com

Contact : 9849589996
8790511122
MANOJ GUNTUPALLI
9742299944
Psc.ndttraining@gmail.com
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