SCIENTIST

 Died: 8 January 1642, Arcetri

 Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist and
engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Galileo has
been called the "father of observational astronomy", the
"father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific
method", and the "father of modern science". Born: 15
February 1564, Pisa, Italy
 Discovered: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa, Io, Rings of

 Galileo Galilei
Saturn
Known for: Kinematics, Analytical dynamics, Telescopes,
Heliocentrism.Copernicus' theory that Earth and all other
planets revolve around the Sun. Most people in Galileo's
time believed that the Earth was the center of the
universe and that the Sun and planets revolved around it.
According to Stephen Hawking, Galileo probably bears
more of the responsibility for the birth of modern science
than anybody else,and Albert Einstein called him the
father of modern science.
 Died: 4 July 1934, Sancellemoz
 Marie Sklodowska Curie was a Polish and naturalized-French
physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on
radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the
first person and only woman to win the Nobel prize twice, and
the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific
fields. Born: 7 November 1867, Warsaw, Poland
 Discovered: Radium, Polonium
Awards: Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Davy

Marie Curie


Medal, Actonian Prize, more

 Education: University of Paris (1903), University of Paris (1894),
University of Paris (1891–1893)She was part of the Curie family
legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to
become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became
the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the
Panthéon in Paris. Marie Curie is one of the most famous
scientists that ever lived. Her contributions such as the discovery
of Radium and other key elements help us out every day,
especially when getting an x-ray. Manya,as she was called, was
born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland on November 7, 1867.
Charlie
Chaplin
 Died: 7 January 1943, The New Yorker, A Wyndham Hotel, New
York, New York, United States. Nikola Tesla made dozens of
breakthroughs in the production, transmission and application
of electric power. He invented the first alternating current (AC)
motor and developed AC generation and transmission
technology.
 Nikola Tesla was a Serbian-American inventor, electrical
engineer, mechanical engineer, and futurist who is best known
for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating

Nikola Tesla
current electricity supply system. Born: 10 July 1856, Smiljan,
Croatia
 Nikola Tesla IQ is estimated from 160 to 310 points by different
measures. He was a real genius who was not mentioned much in
history. With Nikola Tesla IQ, it’s obvious that he was an origin
Croatia engineer, able to speak 8 different languages and
developed technology of controlling electricity in household,
invented generator, FM radio and remote controller on his own.
He had an intense rivalry with Thomas Edison throughout his
life, and many of his projects were funded by JPMorgan, who
would later become his business partner.
 Died: 18 October 1931, West Orange, New Jersey,
United States. These inventions, which include the
phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-
lasting, practical electric light bulb, had a widespread
impact on the modern industrialized world.He was
one of the first inventors to apply the principles of

Thomas Alva
organized science and teamwork to the process of
invention, working with many researchers and
employees. He established the first industrial

Edison
research laboratory. He had an intense rivalry with
Nikola Tesla.
 Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and
businessman, who has been described as America's
greatest inventor. He developed many devices in
fields such as electric power generation, mass
communication, sound recording, and motion
pictures. Born: 11 February 1847, Milan, Ohio, United
 Born: 4 January 1643; Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth,
Lincolnshire, England. was an English
mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian,
and author (described in his own day as a "natural
philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the
most influential scientists of all time, and a key
figure in the scientific revolution. Newton
formulated the laws of motion and universal

Isaac Newton
gravitation that formed the dominant scientific
viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of
relativity. Newton used his mathematical description
of gravity to prove Kepler's laws of planetary motion,
account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the
precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena,
eradicating doubt about the Solar System's
heliocentricity.
 He demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth
and celestial bodies could be accounted for by the
same principles. Newton's inference that the Earth is
an oblate spheroid was later confirmed by the geodetic
measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and
others, convincing most European scientists of the
superiority of Newtonian mechanics over earlier
systems.
 Sir Isaac Newton FRS PRS was an English
mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and
author who is widely recognised as one of the most
influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the
scientific revolution. Known for: Newtonian
mechanics; Universal gravitation; Calculus; Newton's
laws of ...
 Died: 31 March 1727 (aged 84); Kensington, Middlesex,
England
 1550 – 4 April 1617
 John Napier of Merchiston; also signed as Neper, Nepair;
nicknamed Marvellous Merchiston was a Scottish
landowner known as a mathematician, physicist, and
astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. His
Latinized name was Ioannes Neper. John Napier is best
known as the discoverer of logarithms.
John Napier is best known as the discoverer of logarithms.

John Napier
He also invented the so-called "Napier's bones" and made
common the use of the decimal point in arithmetic and
mathematics.
 Napier's birthplace, Merchiston Tower in Edinburgh, is
now part of the facilities of Edinburgh Napier University.
Napier died from the effects of gout at home at Merchiston
Castle and his remains were buried in the kirkyard of 
St Giles. Following the loss of the kirkyard there to build 
Parliament House, he was memorialised at St Cuthbert's at
the west side of Edinburgh.
 (born March 5, 1574, Eton, Buckinghamshire,
England—died June 30, 1660, Albury, Surrey),
English mathematician and Anglican minister
who invented the earliest form of the slide rule,
two identical linear or circular logarithmic scales
held together and adjusted by hand.
William
Improvements involving the familiar inner
sliding rule came later.

Oughtred
 William Oughtred was an English mathematician
and Anglican clergyman. After John Napier
invented logarithms and Edmund Gunter created
the logarithmic scales upon which slide rules are
based, Oughtred was the first to use two such
scales sliding by one another to perform direct
multiplication and division
 Mathematician Blaise Pascal was born on June 19,
1623, in Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the 1640s he
invented the Pascaline, an early calculator, and
further validated Evangelista Torricelli's theory
concerning the cause of barometrical variations. In
the 1650s, Pascal laid the foundation of probability
theory with Pierre de Fermat and published the

Blaise Pascal
theological work Les Provinciales, a
groundbreaking series of letters that defended his
Jansenist faith. Pascal is also widely known for his
body of notes posthumously released as
the Pensées. He died in Paris on August 19, 1662.
 Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician,
physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian.
He was a child prodigy who was educated by his
father, a tax collector in Rouen
 February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929 was an
American inventor who developed an 
electromechanical punched card tabulator to assist in
summarizing information and, later, accounting. He
was the founder of the Tabulating Machine Company
 that was amalgamated (via stock acquisition) in 1911
with three other companies to form a fifth company,

Herman
the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which
was renamed IBM in 1924. Hollerith is regarded as one
of the seminal figures in the development of data

Hollerith
processing.His invention of the punched card
tabulating machine marks the beginning of the era of
semiautomatic data processing systems, and his concept
dominated that landscape for nearly a century.
 Herman Hollerith was an American inventor who
developed an electromechanical punched card tabulator
to assist in summarizing information and, later,
accounting.
  7 July 1752 – 7 August 1834
 Joseph Marie Charles dit Jacquard
was a French weaver and merchant.
He played an important role in the
development of the earliest
Joseph Marie
programmable loom, which in turn
played an important role in the
Charles
development of other
programmable machines, such as
an early version of digital compiler
used by IBM to develop the
modern day computer.
 (born September 22, 1791, Newington, 
Surrey, England—died August 25, 1867,
Hampton Court, Surrey), English 
physicist and chemist whose many
experiments contributed greatly to the
understanding of electromagnetism.

Michael Faraday
 Discovered electromagnetic induction;
devised Faraday’s laws of electrolysis;
discovered the first experimental link
between light and magnetism; carried out
the first room-temperature liquefaction
of a gas; discovered benzene
 22 February 1857 – 1 January
1894
 Discovered radio waves,
proving James Clerk Maxwell’s
theory of electromagnetism;
Heinrich Hertz
discovered the photoelectric
effect, providing a clue to the
existence of the quantum
world. The unit of frequency is
named in his honor.
 December 1815 – 27 November 1852
 The mother of computing science;
contributed to the first published
computer program; was the first
person to see that computers could
do more than mathematical
Ada Lovelace
calculations, recognizing that
musical notes and letters of the
alphabet could be turned into
numbers for manipulation by
computers.
 8 February 1834 – 2 February
1907
 Discovered the periodic
table in a dream. Utilized
Dmitri
the organizing principles of
Mendeleev
the periodic table to
correctly predict the
existence and properties of
six new chemical elements.
 Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley23 November
1887 – 10 August 1915 was an English 
physicist, whose contribution to the science
 of physics was the justification from
physical laws of the previous empirical and 
chemical concept of the atomic number. This
stemmed from his development of 

Henry Moseley

Moseley's law in X-ray spectra.
Proved that every element’s identity is
uniquely determined by its number of
protons establishing the true organizing
principle of the periodic table; correctly
predicted the existence of four new
chemical elements; invented the atomic
battery.
 Born: 13 June 1831, Edinburgh, United
Kingdom Died: 5 November 1879,
Cambridge, United Kingdom. Maxwell's
equations for electromagnetism have been
called the "second great unification in
physics" after the first one realised by Isaac

 James Clerk
Newton.
James Clerk Maxwell FRS FRSE was a

Maxwell
Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical
physics. His most notable achievement was
to formulate the classical theory of
electromagnetic radiation, bringing together
for the first time electricity, magnetism, and
light as different manifestations of the same
phenomenon
 Charles Robert Darwin, 12 February 1809 – 19
April 1882 was an English naturalist,
geologist and biologist, best known for his
contributions to the science of evolution. His
proposition that all species of life have
descended over time from common ancestors
is now widely accepted, and considered a

Charles Darwin
foundational concept in science. In a joint
publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he
introduced his scientific theory that this
branching pattern of evolution resulted from
a process that he called natural selection, in
which the struggle for existence has a similar
effect to the artificial selection involved in
selective breeding.
 Darwin published his theory of evolution
with compelling evidence in his 1859 book
On the Origin of Species. By the 1870s, the
scientific community and a majority of the
educated public had accepted evolution as a
fact. However, many favoured competing
explanations, and it was not until the
emergence of the modern evolutionary
synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a
broad consensus developed in which
natural selection was the basic mechanism
of evolution. Darwin's scientific discovery
is the unifying theory of the life sciences,
explaining the diversity of life.
 Aristotle Greek: Aristotéles,
pronounced 384–322 BC was a Greek
philosopher during the Classical period
in Ancient Greece, the founder of the
Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of
philosophy and Aristotelian tradition.
Along with his teacher Plato, he has
Aristotle
been called the "Father of Western
Philosophy". His writings cover many
subjects – including physics, biology,
zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics,
aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music,
rhetoric, psychology,
 linguistics, economics, politics and
government. Aristotle provided a
complex synthesis of the various
philosophies existing prior to him, and
it was above all from his teachings that
the West inherited its intellectual
lexicon, as well as problems and
methods of inquiry. As a result, his
philosophy has exerted a unique
influence on almost every form of
knowledge in the West and it continues
to be a subject of contemporary
philosophical discussion.
 Albert Einstein 14 March 1879 – 18 April
1955) was a German-born theoretical
physicist who developed the theory of
relativity, one of the two pillars of
modern physics (alongside quantum
mechanics). 274 His work is also known
for its influence on the philosophy of
Albert Einstein
science.[7][8] He is best known to the
general public for his mass–energy
equivalence formula E = mc2, which has
been dubbed "the world's most famous
equation".
 He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in
Physics "for his services to theoretical
physics, and especially for his discovery of
the law of the photoelectric effect", a
pivotal step in the development of
quantum theory. Near the beginning of his
career, Einstein thought that Newtonian
mechanics was no longer enough to
reconcile the laws of classical mechanics
with the laws of the electromagnetic field.
This led him to develop his special theory
of relativity during his time at the Swiss
Patent Office in Bern (1902–1909).
 However, he realized that the principle of relativity could
also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a
paper on general relativity in 1916 with his theory of
gravitation. He continued to deal with problems of
statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his
explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules.
He also investigated the thermal properties of light which
laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, he
applied the general theory of relativity to model the
structure of the universe. Einstein's "Zur Elektrodynamik
bewegter Körper"("On the Electrodynamics of Moving
Bodies") was received on 30 June 1905 and published 26
September of that same year. It reconciled conflicts between
Maxwell's equations (the laws of electricity and magnetism)
and the laws of Newtonian mechanics by introducing
changes to the laws of mechanics. Observationally, the
effects of these changes are most apparent at high speeds
(where objects are moving at speeds close to the speed of
light). The theory developed in this paper later became
known as Einstein's special theory of relativity.
 Stephen William Hawking CH CBE
FRS FRSA (8 January 1942 – 14 March
2018) was an English theoretical
physicist, cosmologist, and author who
was director of research at the Centre

Stephen
for Theoretical Cosmology at the
University of Cambridge at the time of
his death.[17][18][7] He was the
Hawking
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at
the University of Cambridge between
1979 and 2009.
 His scientific works included a
collaboration with Roger Penrose on
gravitational singularity theorems in
the framework of general relativity and
the theoretical prediction that black
holes emit radiation, often called
Hawking radiation. In 1963, Hawking
was diagnosed with an early-onset
slow-progressing form of motor
neurone disease (MND; also known as
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis "ALS" or
Lou Gehrig's disease) that gradually
paralysed him over the
 decades.He was the first to set out a theory of
cosmology explained by a union of the general
theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He
was a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds
interpretation of quantum mechanics. Professor
Stephen Hawking helped change the face of
physics with his groundbreaking black hole
theory 45 years ago. Mr Hawking’s theory
predicted particles could rob black holes of
their unimaginable energy, making them
disappear as they release everything they had
once devoured. His Hawking Radiation theory
been thought impossible to prove as the
minuscule black hole evaporation was too
difficult to detect from thousands of light years
away.
 Karl Ernst Ludwig Marx Planck, 23 April 1858
– 4 October 1947 was a German theoretical
physicist whose discovery of energy quanta
won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.
Planck made many contributions to
theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist
rests primarily on his role as the originator of

Max Planck
quantum theory, which revolutionized
human understanding of atomic and
subatomic processes. In 1948, the German
scientific institution the Kaiser Wilhelm
Society (of which Planck was twice president)
was renamed the Max Planck Society (MPS).
The MPS now includes 83 institutions
representing a wide range of scientific
directions.
 Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio
Volta 18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827was
an Italian physicist, chemist, and pioneer
of electricity and power who is credited as
the inventor of the electric battery and the
discoverer of methane. He invented the
Voltaic pile in 1799, and reported the
Alessandro Volta
results of his experiments in 1800 in a
two-part letter to the President of the
Royal Society.[5][6] With this invention
Volta proved that electricity could be
generated chemically and debunked the
prevalent theory that electricity was
generated solely by living beings.
 Volta's invention sparked a great
amount of scientific excitement and
led others to conduct similar
experiments which eventually led to
the development of the field of
electrochemistry. The battery made
by Volta is credited as one of the
first electrochemical cells. It consists
of two electrodes: one made of zinc,
the other of copper. The electrolyte
is either sulfuric acid mixed with
water or a form of saltwater brine.
 Benjamin Franklin FRS FRSA FRSE
January 17, 1706 January 6, 1705 – April 17,
1790) was an American polymath and one
of the Founding Fathers of the United
States. Franklin was a leading author,
printer, political theorist, politician,
Benjamin
Freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor,
humorist, civic activist, statesman, and

Franklin
diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major
figure in the American Enlightenment and
the history of physics for his discoveries
and theories regarding electricity. As an
inventor, he is known for the lightning
rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove,
among other inventions.
 Franklin never patented his
inventions; in his autobiography he
wrote, "... as we enjoy great
advantages from the inventions of
others, we should be glad of an
opportunity to serve others by any
invention of ours; and this we
should do freely and generously.
 Alexander Graham Bell March 3, 1847 – August 2,
1922 was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor,
engineer, and innovator who is credited with
inventing and patenting the first practical
telephone. He also founded the American
Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in
1885. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had
Alexander
all been associated with work on elocution and
speech and both his mother and wife were deaf,

Graham Bell
profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His
research on hearing and speech further led him
to experiment with hearing devices which
eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the
first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876. Bell
considered his invention an intrusion on his real
work as a scientist and refused to have a
telephone in his study.
 Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947)
was an American industrialist and a
business magnate, the founder of the Ford
Motor Company, and the sponsor of the
development of the assembly line
technique of mass production. Although
Ford did not invent the automobile or the
Henry Ford
assembly line, he developed and
manufactured the first automobile that
many middle-class Americans could afford.
In doing so, Ford converted the automobile
from an expensive curiosity into a practical
conveyance that would profoundly impact
the landscape of the 20th century.
 His introduction of the Model T automobile
revolutionized transportation and American
industry. As the owner of the Ford Motor
Company, he became one of the richest and
best-known people in the world. He is
credited with "Fordism": mass production of
inexpensive goods coupled with high wages
for workers. Ford had a global vision, with
consumerism as the key to peace. His
intense commitment to systematically
lowering costs resulted in many technical
and business innovations, including a
franchise system that put dealerships
throughout most of North America and in
major cities on six continents.
 Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation
and arranged for his family to control the company
permanently. Henry Ford built his first experimental
car in a workshop behind his home in Detroit in 1896.
After formation of the Ford Motor Company, the first
Ford car was assembled at the Mack Avenue plant in
July 1903. Five years later, in 1908, the highly successful
Model T was introduced. Demand for this car was so
great that Ford developed new mass production
methods in order to manufacture it in sufficient
quantities. In 1911 he established the industry’s first
U.S. branch assembly plant (in Kansas City, Missouri)
and opened the company’s first overseas production
plant (in Manchester, England); in 1913 he introduced
the world’s first moving assembly line for cars; and in
1914, to further improve labour productivity, he
introduced the $5 daily wage for an eight-hour day
(replacing $2.34 for a nine-hour day). The Ford have
since become the world's most familiar maker of cars.
 Fibonacci c. 1170 – c. 1245.
 The rebirth of Western mathematics:
Fibonacci’s Book of Calculation introduced
the Indian number system, now used
worldwide, to Europe

leonardo pisano



Liber abaci
1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 13 , 21 , 34 , 55 ,

bigollo
 November 27 1911 – August 6 2011
 She was an alumna of theUniversity of
the Philippines(UP) College of
Medicine.
 Manuel L. QuezonThe first Asian to
Fe del
haveentered the prestigiousHarvard
UniversitysSchool of Medicine.

MundoInvention
INCUNVATOR
 8 March 1902 – 15 October 1978
native of Lipa, Batangas
 Filipino engineer and physicist

  two-way videophone 1955

Gregorio Y. Zara
 September 28 1897 Bulacan - 1943

 Manuel L. Quezon

 Florescent Light
Agapito Flores
 Lunar RoverFilipinos consider Eduardo San
Juanas the inventor of the Lunar Rover,
ormore popularly known as the
MoonBuggy. The Moon Buggy was the
carused by Neil Armstrong and
otherastronauts when they first exploredthe
Eduardo San
moon in 1969.He worked for
LockheedCorporation and

Juan
conceptualizedthe design of the Moon
Buggy thatthe Apollo astronauts used while
inthe moon. As a NASA engineer, SanJuan
reportedly used his Filipinoingenuity to
build a vehicle thatwould run outside the
Earthsatmosphere. He constructed hismodel
using homemade materials