8051 Microcontroller

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Block Diagram of a Microprocessor

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Block Diagram of a Microcontroller

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Comparison between MP & MC

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 Features of 8051
• 4 KB on chip program memory
• 128 bytes on chip data memory (RAM)
• 4 register banks
• 32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits
• Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16 bytes
• 8-bit data bus
• 16-bit address bus
• 16-bit program counter and data pointer
• 16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less)
• 3 internal and 2 external interrupts
• Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit ports)
• 1 Microsecond instruction cycle with 12 MHz Crystal
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8051 Pin Diagram

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Block Diagram

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8051 Programming Model

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Oscillator Circuit & Timing

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PSW

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Internal RAM

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Stack Operation

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Special Function Registers

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Special Function Registers

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SFR Bit Address

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I/O Ports

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Port Pin Circuits

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Port 3

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External Memory Connection

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External Memory Access

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External Memory Timing

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TCON Register

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TMOD Register

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Timer/Counter Control Logic

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Timer 1 & Timer 0 Operation Modes

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SCON Register

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PCON Register

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Shift Register Mode 0 Timing

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Mode 1 Standard UART

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Mode 1 Baud Rates

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Mode 2 Baud Rate

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 Mode 3

• Mode 3 is Identical to Mode 2 except Baud

Rate
• Mode 3 Baud Rate is same as Mode 1

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 Interrupts
• Timer Flag Interrupts
• Serial Port Interrupt
• External Interrupts

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IE Register

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IP Register

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Interrupt Priority

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Interrupt Addresses

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RESET

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 Moving Data
• MOV destination, source
• PUSH source or POP destination
• XCH destination, source
Addressing modes
• Immediate Addressing mode
• Register Addressing mode
• Direct Addressing mode
• Indirect Addressing mode
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 Memory parts

• Internal RAM
• Internal Special function registers
• External RAM
• Internal and External ROM

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 Opcodes
• MOV
• MOVX
• MOVC
• PUSH and POP
• XCH

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 Example Instructions

• MOV Rr, #n
• MOV A, Rr
• MOV A, address
• MOV @Rp, #n
• MOVX A, @Rp
• MOVC A, @A+DPTR

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Logical Operations

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Byte Level Logical Operations

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Internal RAM Bit Addresses

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SFR Bit Addresses

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Bit-Level Boolean Operations

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Rotate and Swap Operations

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 Arithmetic Operations

• INC destination
• DEC destination
• ADD/ADDC destination, source
• SUBB destination, source
• MUL AB
• DIV AB
• DA A

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Instructions Affecting Flags

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Jump & Call Instructions

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Jump Instruction Ranges

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 Jump and Call Program Ranges

• Relative Range
• Short Absolute Range
• Long Absolute Range

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Bit Jumps

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Byte Jumps

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Byte Jumps

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Unconditional Jumps

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Calls and Subroutines

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