COME 1000 HAK

References:
1. Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg, 2010, Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg, Medical
Microbiology, McGraw Hill
2. John B., Carter, and Saunders Venetia A., 2007, Virology; Principles and Application,
John Wiley & Sons Ltd
3. LaDou J. & Harrison R., 2014, Current Occupational & Environmental Medicine,
McGraw Hill
4. Markell & Voge’s, 2005, Medical Parasitology, Saunders Elsevier
5. Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh et al, 2016, Medical Micology, Current Trend and Future
Prospects
Wayan Darwata
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To be competent in:

1. Describing infections diseases in family by

targeted-organs those are caused by bacteria,
virus, parasite, and fungus

2. Describing risk factors and prevention of

infections diseases in family.

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HEALTH (WHO)
A COMPLETE STATE OF PHYSICAL, MENTAL, SOCIAL,
AND SPIRITUAL, NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF
DISEASE OR INFIRMITY

SO, FAMILIES (COMMUNITY) HAVE TO BE

PHYSICALLY, MENTALLY, SOCIALLY &
SPIRITUALLY HEALTHY

HOW…? PREVENTION

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 NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE
EXPOSURE
Period of Pre- Period of Pathogenesis
pathogenesis
(Stage of
Susceptibility) INCUBATION Stage of Clinical Disease
PERIOD
Convalescence or
Interaction of Advanced Disease • Recovery
• Disability
HOST AGENT
Stage of Pre-
CLINICAL HORIZON • Chronic
RISK symptomatic • Death
FACTORS
Disease
ENVIRONMENT (Early
Pathogenesis)

Ref.: Merrill, Ray M., 2010, Introduction to Epidemiology

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 RISK FACTORS PREVENTIONS

BACTERIAL, VIRAL, PARASITIC,

PROTOZOIC & FUNGAL INFETIONS

Wayan Darwata
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Infection: Invasion by pathogenic micro-organisms
of a bodily part in which conditions are
favorable growth, production of toxins,
and subsequent injury of tissue.

Etiology  micro-organisms:
• Bacteria
• Virus
• Parasite
• Protozoa
• Fungus

Targeted Organ  Acute & Chronic

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• Acute RTI: Pharyngitis, Bronchitis, Pneumonia
(bacteria or virus)
• Influenza (virus)
• Acute Tonsillitis (bacteria)
• Allergic Rhinitis (allergen, bacteria)
• Sinusitis (bacteria)
• Lung Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tbc)

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Gastro-Intestinal Tract Infection (GITI)
• Gastritis (Hellicobacter pilory)
• Salmonellosis (Salmonella typhi)
• Shigellosis (Shigella)
• Cholera (Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus)
• Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)
• Enteritis (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium
perfringens, Candida albicans)
• Helminthiasis (Taeniasis, Ascaris strongiluides,
Enterobius vermicularis)

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• Acute Inner Ear Infection
(Otitis Media Acuta = OMA)
• Chronic Inner Ear Infection
(Otitis Media Chronica = OMC)
• External Ear Infection (Otitis Eksterna)
• Dermatitis Auricularis

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Infection of Genital & Reproductive Organ

MAN  Venereal diseases & STDs:

• Gonorrhea (GO)  Neisseria gonorrhea)

• Genital herpes (herpes genitalis)  Virus
• Orchitis  Bacteria
• Lymphogranuloma venerium (LGV) with Buboes
• HIV/AIDS
• Syphilis

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Genital & Reproductive Organ Infection
WOMAN:

• Vaginitis (vaginal discharge)  GO,

Chlamydia, Trichomonas vaginalis,
Fungus/Candida
• Salpingitis  Bacteria
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)  GO
• Bartholin’s abscess  Bacteria

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Bacterial Infections (streptococcus &
staphylococcus):
• Furuncle (Acne Vulgaris)
• Allergic Dermatitis
• Abscess
• Ektyma
• Erysipelas
Fungal Infections:
• Tinea (ring worm): facialis, corporis, inguinalis
• Tinea versicolor
• Ungual (nail) fungus
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Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)  Bacterial
• Nephritis, Cystitis, Urethritis
Liver Infections
• Hepatitis (A, B, C)  Virus
• Liver (amebic) abscess  Protozoa (Ameba)
Emerging viral infections
• DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever)
• Chikungunya
Oral Infection
• Stomatitis, Pulpitis, Ginggivitis
Zoonosis
• Toxoplasmosis (T. Gondii) & Rabies (Virus)
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 Risk Factors of Infectious Diseases
RTI:
• Low immunity  nutrition, exercise, rest
• Climate change & air pollution
• Crowded (populated) family
GITI:
• Food hygiene & sanitation
• Personal hygiene (hand washing)
• Food handlers
Oral Infection:
• Food, tooth brush, stress

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Risk Factors of Ear Infection:
• Infant: breast feeding position
• Improper ear cleaning
Risk Factors of Genital Infections:
• Personal hygiene
• Frequently change of spouse
• Not using/applying specific/personal protection
DHF:
• Environmental  mosquito breeding place
• Rainy season  water containers
Zoonosis:
• Pet control, Vaccination
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 To be an
amazing thinker

Keep empowering your

thinking competencies!
Logic thinking
Innovative thinking
Analytic thinking
Reasoning ability
CRITICAL THINKING: “LIAR”

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