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MOLLUSCA
MOLLUSCA
Pre-torsion Post-torsion
Reproduction
• Gonochoristic or hermaphroditic
• Gonads associated with reduced coelom
– Ancestral condition: spawning via genital pores
(empty into mantle cavity)
• Sometimes linked with nephridiopore
– Some with elaborate structures & behaviors for
internal fertilization
1. Class Aplacophora
No shell, worm-like
Chiton
3. Class Monoplacophora
Mouth Nephridium
Gonads
Heart atria
Pedal retractor
muscle
Anus
Monoplacophora
• Extant spp discovered in 1952
• Only 20 spp, all marine, deep water zones (1800-7000m).
• Poorly studied
• Likely ancestor of gastropods, cephalopods and bivalves,
and the bivalvia and scaphopods
• Monoplacophorans and Polyplacophorans evolved shells
independently from a shell-less ancestor. Evidence: shells
differ in internal layer structure
• Superficially similar to gastropod limpets
Monoplacophora
• Limpet-like shell
• Chiton-like segmentation
• Mostly deep sea
www.mcz.harvard.edu
Monoplacophora
Stomach
Digestive
cecum
Foot
Esophagus
Veliger larva
Veliger larva
5. Class Cephalopoda
Nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, octopus
Right
Ventral
Dorsal
Left
Cephalopod eye
Iris
Retina Lens
Optic lobe
statocyst
esophagus
Brachial nerves
Collar Fin
Eye
Shell (Pen)
Systemic
heart
Branchial heart
Ctenidium
Funnel
Reproduction:
trochophore and veliger are bypassed,
and hatch into planktonic juveniles
6. Class Bivalvia (Pelecypoda)
Bivalvia / Pelecypoda
Cut-away of
gill structure
Hinge
Blood vessel
mouth
Ctenidium
Excurrent
siphon
Foot Incurrent
siphon
Locomotion
Glochidia
glochidium
Glochidia on gills
Freshwater mussels
c. Order Septibranch
• Ctenidia lack filaments
• Feed on polychaetes, crustaceans
• Weird side group
7.Class Scaphopoda
• Shared (extinct)
common ancestor
with bivalves.
• 300-400 spp
• Lack ctenidia, heart.
• Burrowers.
• Have 100-200
captacula (tentacles)
with which to catch food
Scaphopoda
Tusk shells