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Internal
Structure
of the Earth
Group 1
Do we know the things lies beneath the Earth’s Surface?
Do we know the things lies beneath
the Earth’s Surface?
Crust
Upper Mantle
Transistion Zone
Lower Mantle
D” Layer
Other Core
Inner Core
The Earth is Divided into 3
Structural Unit / Layers
Crust
Mantle
Core
CRUST
Crust
The layer where we live
About 5-40km
Outer most and thinnest
Layer
It’s relatively cool and
consist of hard rocks
and also the ocean.
2 Types of Crust
Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust
Continental Crust
Underlines the continent
Mostly Composed of Granite
(Silica and Aluminum Dominantly)
About 20-
40km thick
Oceanic Crust
Underlines the
ocean
Mostly compose
of Basalt
(Dominated by
Silica & Magnesium)
About 5-10km thick
Continental and Oceanic Crust
Basalt is much denser than the granite.
Because of this the less dense
continents ride on the denser oceanic
plates.
Plates
The crust of the Earth is broken into pieces called Plates.
Lithospheric Plate
The Lithosphere and The
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
The crust and the upper layer of the mantle
together make up is called Lithosphere.
Extends about 80km deep
The lithosphere is broken into giant plates
that fit around the globe like puzzle pieces.
These puzzle pieces move a little bit each
year as they slide on top of a somewhat fluid
part of the mantle called the Asthenosphere.
All this moving rock can cause earthquakes.
Asthenosphere
The asthenosphere is the weak and easily
deformed layer of the Earth that acts as a
“lubricant” for the tectonic plates to slide
over.
Astenosphere is solid but it behave
plastically and it can flow.
extends from 100 km depth to 660 km
beneath the Earth's surface.
The flowing Asthenosphere carries the
lithosphere of the Earth, including the
continents, on its back.
Crustal Composition
MANTLE
Mantle
Mantle lies below
the Crust
Largest Layer of
the Earth
Almost 2900km thick
Makes up 80% of the Earth’s Volume
Consist of two Parts
◦ Upper Mantle & Lower Mantle
The mantle composition consists of mostly
solid silicates
Where magma comes from
Upper Mantle