STRUCTURE (PHRASE & CLAUSE)

NAOMITA SALSAVILLA NOVA REGIANA (112190045)

GEDE GUPTA RASTIKA (112190046)
NICO LOUIS HASIHOLAN NAINGGOLAN (112190047)
MAURIZKA KHAIRULASA ISTIJABA RANIA SALSABILA (112190048)
PHRASE

• Phrase definition: A phrase is a grammatical term referring to a group

of words that does not include a subject and verb.
TYPE OF PHRASES

• Noun phrase
• Verb phrase
• Adverb phrase
• Gerund phrase
• Infinitive phrase
• Appositive phrase
• Participle phrase
• Prepositional phrase
• Absolute phrase
1. NOUN PHRASE

• Noun phrases consist of a noun and its modifiers.

• Example :
a. PT Bukit Asam mines a hard black coal.
b. A big yellow dozer is clearing the mining area from any
vegetations.
2. VERB PHRASE

• Verb phrases consist of a verb and its modifiers.

• Example :
a. The mining workers must reach the site in time for the
blasting activity.
b. Scientists have demonstrated a new bio-inspired material for
an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to recovering
uranium from seawater.
3. ADVERB PHRASE

• Adverbial phrases are phrases that act as adverbs. They

modify verbs, adverbs, or adjectives.
• Example :
a. The dump truck through the way in a very slow speed.
b. We can find some workers mess around the mining site.
4. GERUND PHRASE

• Gerund phrases are essentially noun phrases that begin with a

gerund.
• Example :
a. The machine started reducing a contain of water in a coal.
b. Getting high profits are a main goal of mining companies.
5. INFINITIVE PHRASE

• Infinitive phrases begin with a verb infinitive and include any

modifiers. Infinitive phrases function as nouns, adjectives, or
adverbs.
• Example :
a. To recover the mining site we should do a reclamation and
reboitation.
b. To be a better mining worker we must have a lot of
experiences.
6. APPOSITIVE PHRASE

• An appositive is essentially a noun phrase but one that renames

another noun in the sentence.
• Example :
Tembagapura, the biggest gold mining site in the world , produce
14,6 ton gold every year.
7. PARTICIPLE PHRASE

• A participle phrase begins with a present (-ing) or past (-ed)

participle. A participle phrase includes the participle and its
modifiers. Participle phrases function as adjectives.
• Example :
The mining workers given punishment because the dump trucks
are broken.
8. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

• A prepositional phrase is a group of words that includes a

preposition and a noun. A prepositional phrase will function as
either an adjective or an adverb.
• Example :
In a mining site the workers are doing fitness to increase their
health.
9. ABSOLUTE PHRASE

• An absolute phrase includes a noun and a participle and any

modifiers.
• Example :
Coals crushing in the machine, some workers waited for barge to
loaded it.
CLAUSE

• Clause Definition: A clause consists of a subject and a verb and is

the smallest grammatical unit that expresses a thought.
• What is a clause? In its simplest form, a clause in grammar is a
subject plus a verb. The subject is the entity “doing” the action of
the sentence and the verb is the action that subject completes. A
clause creates a complete thought (an idea or a statement that can
stand alone).
• A complete thought is also called a main clause or independent
clause (IC).
• Independent clause definition: An independent clause can stand alone
in a sentence. It contains a subject and a verb in its smallest form. A
clause may also include modifiers and a verb predicate. It is a complete
thought and the smallest unit of grammar that is syntactically accurate.
• Dependent clause definition: Dependent clauses contain a subject and
verb. However, they cannot stand alone as an independent thought.
They must be joined with an independent clause to be grammatically
correct.

Example :
PT. Timah mines a lot of bauksit, that contain aluminum ores.
TYPES OF CLAUSE

• Noun clase
• Adjective clause
• Adverb clause
NOUN CLAUSE

Noun clause definition: A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that

acts as a noun in the sentence. A noun clause will always contain a
subject and a verb. However, it cannot stand alone as a complete
thought.
Example :
The dozer operator clear some rocks which blocked the way to
mining site.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Adjective clause definition: An adjective clause is a type of dependent

clause that acts as an adjective in the sentence. An adjective clause will
always contain a subject and a verb. However, it cannot stand alone as a
complete thought.
Example :
Mining engineer is a person who design and plan the mining project.
ADVERB CLAUSE

Adverbial clause definition: An adverbial clause is a type of dependent

clause that acts as an adverb in the sentence. An adverbial clause will
always contain a subject and a verb. However, it cannot stand alone as a
complete thought.
Example :
Before we start the mining activities we have to know about a good
mining practice.