Just to review before we start…

What is the melting point of this substance? 50˚C

The boiling point? 100˚C
 Topic: Calculating
Energy Changes at Phase
Changes (Hv and Hf)
 It takes energy to heat stuff
up!
 for pure substance in single phase - can
calculate how much E needed using:
Q = mCT
Q = energy in Joules
 m = mass in grams
 C = specific heat capacity

 T = change in temperature = Tf - Ti

 on other hand, when something cools down,

energy is released!
 Q= Q= Q=
mCsolidT mCliquidT mCgasT
Temperature

I II III IV V

C = specific heat capacity

(amount heat required to raise temp of
1g of pure substance by 1C)
C is a physical constant
unique for every pure substance
CAN YOU FIND THE SPECIFIC
Time HEAT OF WATER ON YOUR
REFERENCE TABLE?
 Why can’t I use Q = mCT for II and IV??
Temperature

I II III IV V

Because T =
0, temp isn’t
changing!!!!
Time
So, how do we calculate the amount of
energy required during a phase change?
• HF = Heat of Fusion (Q = mHF)

• HV = Heat of Vaporization (Q=mHV)

• We use one of these two constants

instead of specific heat and delta T
Q = mCT
 Hf = Heat of Fusion
 is amount energy required to change 1 gram
of pure substance from solid to liquid at its MP
(meaning you aren’t changing the temperature)

 Is a physical constant
 Check out Reference Table B, what is the heat of fusion for
water?
 The Equation Q = mHf
 How much heat is absorbed when 10
grams of ice melts at 0oC?
 Heat absorbed =
mass of substance x heat of fusion of substance

 Q = mHf = (10 g)(334 J/g) = 3340 J

 Where does this energy go?

 Particles
must overcome forces of attraction to
move farther apart during phase change (s → l)
 HV = Heat of Vaporization
 is the amount energy required to convert 1
gram
of pure substance from liquid to gas at its BP
(meaning you aren’t changing the temperature)

 Is a physical constant
 Check out Reference Table B, what is the heat of vaporization
for water?
 The Equation Q = mHv
 How much energy does it take to
vaporize 10 g of water?
 Q = mHv

 Q = (10 g)(2260 J/g) = 22600 J

It takes a lot more energy to go from liquid to gas than
from solid to liquid. Why?

H2O changing from liquid to gas requires 22,600J/g

H2O changing from solid to liquid requires 3,340J/g

* greater energy required to change from liquid to gas
because particles are spreading farther apart!
 Q = mCsolidT Q = mCLIQUIDT Q = mCgasT
Temperature
Q = mHF Q = mHV

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Time
Heating curve of H2O
 3 equations for Q
1. Q = mCT
2. Q = mHf
3. Q = mHv

 figure out which to use

 depends on section of heating curve
 look for hints in word problem
 Q = mCT
 Temperature  Final temperature
changed  Ending temperature
T↑  From __ ˚C to __ ˚C
T↓  Water
 Initial temperature

 Start temperature
 Q = mHf
 Ice
 Freezing

 Melting

 Occurs at 0C (for H2O)

 At constant temperature
 Q = mHv
 Steam
 Boiling

 Condensation

 Occurs at 100C (for H2O)

 At constant temperature
 heating rate =
150 J/min

If the substance takes 4 minutes to melt,

how much heat energy was used to melt it?
150J/min x 4min = 600J