EARTHQUAKE

HAZARDS
 OBJECTIVES:
• Interpret different earthquake
hazard maps; and
• Apply precautionary and
safety measures before, during
and after an earthquake.
 HAZARD MAPS
- are maps that show different hazards
that may affect a certain area. For
earthquakes, a ground shaking hazard
map shows the distribution of
earthquake shaking levels that have a
certain probability of occurring.
A ground rupture hazard map shows
areas wherein faults cut across. There
are hazard maps for liquefaction,
earthquake induced
landslide and tsunami.
 Ground Shaking
This disruptive
up and down
and sideways
motion
experienced
during an
earthquake .
Ground rupture
Creation of new or
the renewed
movements of old
fractures, oftentimes
with the two blocks
on both sides moving
in opposite directions.
Liquefaction
A process that
transforms the
behavior of a body
of sediment from
that of a solid to
that of a liquid.
 WHAT TO DO
BEFORE, DURING
AND AFTER AN
EARTHQUAKE
 Before
an
Earthquake
• Be familiar with the
dangerous spots inside
offices/rooms.
• Be careful with things which
may harm people during
earthquake. It is better to fix
as early as possible the faulty
electrical wiring, leaky, gas
connection, and fasten
shelves.
• Identify safe places indoors
and outdoors.
• Educate everyone about emergency
contacts.
• Prepare a stock of emergency
supplies. A stock of food, water,
medicines, flashlights, and batteries
can help you to survive the tremor.
• Make an evacuation and reunion
plan. It is possible that everyone may
be separated from each other during
an earthquake so it is advisable to
have a reuniting plan like meeting in
a certain place after the disaster.
 During
an
Earthquake
• During quakes, duck or drop to
the ground
• Take cover. You may hide under a
sturdy table or piece of furniture
for protection from failing debris.
• Hold that position and stay
wherever you are until the
shaking stops and you cannot feel
anymore ground movement.
• Do not immediately proceed to
the door, some doors will swing
which can even cause injury.
• If outdoors, move away from building
and streetlights.
• Immediately proceed to open area.
• Once in the open, stay there and do not
go near buildings and tall
infrastructures to avoid falling debris.
• If in a moving vehicle, stop as quickly
as safety permits.
• Avoid stopping near buildings,
overpasses, bridges, or ramps which
may have been damaged by the
earthquake.
• If trapped under debris,
cover your mouth with
handkerchief.
• Create noise by tapping
pipes or walls for
rescuers to locate you. Do
not shout. It is just a last
option because it may
cause you to inhale
dangerous amount of
dust.
 After
an
Earthquake
 After the Tremor
• Once the earthquake is over, listen to
battery- operated radio or television for
updates of aftershock.
• Stay away from damaged area.
• Stay away from the beach if living in a
coastal area.
• Be aware of possible tsunamis.
• Landslides are also possible for
mountainous areas as well as the ground
rupture for areas along active fault lines
which causes the ground to break.
• Do not use your telephone to call relatives
and friends. Disaster prevention authorities
may need the lines for emergency
communications.
• Do not use your car and drive around
disaster- stricken areas. Rescue and relief
operations need the roads for mobility.
• Check your water and electrical lines for
defects. If any damage is suspected, turn
the system off in the main valve or switch.
 TRAPPED?
• Pray
• Check pockets or bags for lighter- anything that
well you scratch, dig, screw, or signal way out.
• Make noise (bang pipes, car horn, whistle, etc.)
• Conserve energy
• Do not drink urine or alcohol (man can survive
10 days without food; 3 days without water; no
drinks on the first day)
• Mobile phones: text instead of calling, or be
concise if calling.
 Prepared by:

April Enriquez