THE RISK AND

PROTECTIVE
FACTORS
OF
USING GRUGS
INTRODUCTION
LESSON 2 GIVES THE
DIFFERENT RISKS AND
PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN
SUBSTANCE USE, ABUSE AND
DRUG DEPENDANCE. RISK
FACTORS ARE THOSE THAT
CONTRIBUTE TO DRUG ABUSE.
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
PREVENT DRUG USE.
 RISK AND PROTECTIVE
FACTORS FOR DRUG USE,
MISUSE , ABUSE , AND
DEPENDENCE
THE USE , MISUSE , AND ABUSE OF
DRUGS ARE THE RESULT OF VARIOUS
FACTORS SURROUNDING A PERSON.
THESE FACTORS EITHER INCREASE OR
DECREASE THE POSIBILITY OF A
PERSON TO USE OF DRUGS. RISK
FACTORS ARE THOSE INFLUENCES
WHICH INCREASE THE CHANCES OF
USING, MISUSING, AND ABUSING
DRUGS.
PROTECTIVE FACTORS, ON THE OTHER
HAND, ARE THOSE WHICH DECREASE THE
CHANCES OF USING, MISUSING, AND
ABUSING DRUGS. ACCORDING TO STUDIES,
PROTECTIVE FACTORS COUNTERBALANCE
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF RISK FACTORS. IT
IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THAT IT
DOES NOT NECESSARILY MEAN THAT
SEVERAL RISK FACTORS PRESENT MAKE A
PERSON HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO DRUG
USE, MISUSE, AND ABUSE.
PROTECTIVE FACTORS EVEN IF FEW IN
NUMBER MAY BE ENOUGH TO WORK
AGAINST THE RISK FACTORS, MORE SO
IF THERE ARE SEVERAL OF THESE
PROTECTIVE INFLUENCES. THESE
FACTORS ARE COMPOSED OF
INFLUENCES IN DIFFERENT DOMAINS
OF LIFE
MISUSE OF
DRUGS
Drug misuse is defined as the
use of a substance for a
purpose not consistent with
legal or medical guidelines
(WHO, 2006). It has a
negative impact on health or
functioning and may take the
form of drug dependence, or
be part of a wider spectrum of
problematic or harmful
behaviour
DRUG USE
Drug use refers to any scope of
use of illegal drugs: heroin use,
cocaine use, tobacco use. Drug
misuse is used to distinguish
improper or unhealthy use from
use of a medication as prescribed
or alcohol in moderation. ...
NIDA's use of the term addiction
corresponds roughly to the DSM
definition of substance use
disorder.
DRUG ABUSE
Drug abuse is when you use
legal or illegal substances in
ways you shouldn’t. You
might take more than the
regular dose of pills or use
someone else’s prescription.
You may abuse drugs to feel
good, ease stress, or avoid
reality. But usually, you’re
able to change your
unhealthy habits or stop
using altogether.
 PERSONAL
(EARLY
AGGRESSIVE
BEHAVIOUR
VS.
SELF-CONTROL)
PERSONAL PROCTECTIVE FACTORS
RISK FACTORS
:USE OF DRUGS AT AN :SELF-CONTROL
EARLY AGE. BEHAVIOR.
:RISK TAKING BEHAVIOR. :GOOD REASONING
:EXPERIMENTATION. SKILLS.
:POOR SOCIAL SKILLS AND
INTERACTION. :EXCELLENT SOCIAL
:CHILDHOOD PROBLEMS. SKILLS.
:FEELINGS OF ISOLATION. :POSITIVE
INTERACTION WITH
PEOPLE.
FAMILY
(WEAK
PARENTAL
GUIDANCE
VS.
STRONG
PARENTAL
GUIDANCE
FAMILY
RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS
:HISTORY AND :GOOD COMMUNICATION WITH
PATTERNS OF DRUGS PEOPLE.
USE. :POSITIVE FAMILY RELATIONSHIP.
:ATTITUDES TOWARD :CLEAR AND CONSISTENT FAMILY
DRUG USE. RULES.
:POOR PARENTING :STRONG FAMILY VALUES.
AND CHILD REARING. :POSITIVE EXPECTATION TO CHILD’S
SUCCESS IN FAMILY, SCHOOL, AND
:INCONSISTENT COMMUNITY.
FAMILY RULES.
:RELIANCE ON FAMILY FOR
:POOR FAMILY VALUES. EMOTIONAL SUPPORT.
:POOR FAMILY TIES.
 PEERS AND
FRIENDS
(SUBSTANCE
ABUSE
VS.
ACADEMIC
EXCELLENCE)
PEERS AND FRIENDS
RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS
:ASSOCIATION WITH :ASSOCIATION WITH PEERS
PEERS AND FRIENDS AND FRIENDS WHO DO
KNOWN TO USE NOT USE GATEWAY DRUGS.
GATEWAY DRUGS :FORMATION OF
(CIGARETTES AND FRIENDSHIPS.
ALCOHOL).
:RELIANCE ON FRIENDS FOR
:PREFERENCE TO STAY EMOTIONAL SUPPORT.
WITH FRIENDS AND
;INVITING FRIENDS AT
FRIENDS THAN WITH
HOME TO KNOW THE
FAMILY.
FAMILY
SCHOOL
(AVAILABILI
TY
OF DRUGS
VS.
STRONG
ANTI-DRUG
POLICIES)
SCHOOL PROTECTIVE
RISK FACTORS FACTORS
:POOR ACADEMIC :GOOD TO EXCELLENT
PERFORMANCE. ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE.
:LACK OF :JOINS EXTRA-CURRICULAR
COMMITMENT TO ACTIVITIES AND SCHOOL
STUDIES. ORGANIZATIONS.
:POOR ATTENDANCES :SHOWS INTEREST IN
IN SCHOOL. ATTENDING CLASSES.
:INVOLVEMENT IN
FIGHTS AND
CONFLICTS.
COMMUNIT
Y
(POVERTY
VS.
STRONG
COMMUNIT
Y
RELATIONS
HIP)
COMMUNIT
Y
RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS
:EASY ACCESS TO :STRONG COMMUNITY
GATEWAY DRUGS RELATIONSHIPS
:POOR COMMUNITY :ACTIVE AND POSITIVE
ORGANIZATION AND COMMUNITY PROGRAMS,
NEIGHBORHOOD AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE
RELATIONSHIP YOUTH.
:POOR IMPLEMENTION :POSITIVE ATTITUDE WHICH
OF COMMUNITY LAWS COMBAT DRUG USE
:NEGATIVE ATTITUDES :STRONG COMMUNITY
WHICH FAVOR DRUG ADVOCACY AGAINST DRUGS
USE