Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
un approccio ecosistemico
"Biodiversità: la salvaguardia e tutela
ambientale degli uomini e degli animali"
Ambiente antropizzato
Superfici impermeabilizzate, riduzione
della vegetazione, asportazione degli
orizzonti ricchi in sostanza organica,
fenomeni di compattazione,
diminuzione della evapotraspirazione
e della capacità di assorbimento delle
acque da parte del suolo, incremento
dello scorrimento superficiale con
aumento dei fenomeni erosivi e
trasporto nei collettori naturali di
grandi quantità di sedimento.
La biodiversità più difficile da notare
Chi vive in città è abituato
a un panorama di cemento
e asfalto, dove si possono
notare solo con difficoltà
piante, funghi e animali
selvatici. Molte specie che
vivono in città, poi, sono
opportuniste e generaliste,
e non restituiscono una
sensazione di naturalità
Ci si immagina che gli
animali domestici e le
piante del balcone siano
proiezioni della Natura,
dimenticando che, senza
la presenza dell’uomo,
non saprebbero
sopravvivere, come i ratti
e altre specie moleste che
combattiamo come
“moleste” o “nocive” …
XII Rapporto
Edizione 2016
Anteprima
Sistemi paesaggistici complessi: la
valorizzazione territoriale di Ostia e
Portus
Relatrice: Bianca Maria Rinaldi,
Correlatore: Fabio Palazzo
Tesi laurea iii.2017
di: Stefano Di Carlantonio, Marco Gazzoli
Politecnico di Torino, Università degli studi
di Genova, Università degli studi di
Milano, Università degli studi di Torino
Corso di Laurea Magistrale Interateneo in
Progettazione delle Aree Verdi e del
Paesaggio A.A. 2016/2017
Proposta di pianificazione delle aree artistiche, storiche e naturali di Roma
(litorale), come primo approccio alla ridefinizione degli spazi verdi capitolini e
alla valorizzazione delle loro peculiarità!
Cinghiali Minilepre
Crocidura minore
<http://www.astolinto.it/TaxaV/AnfibiRoma.php>
6 – invertebrati
http://www.lacasadellefarfalleonline.it/
Api e farfalle in città …
Fattorini2011. Ma non solo …
Many entomologists claim that urban areas may be important biodiversity
reservoirs (see references in Hunter and Hunter, 2008). In the case of urban
Rome, it seems that the city hosts a considerable proportion of the entire
species richness of Italian tenebrionids (about 15%), coprophagous
scarabaeids (about 39%), noncoprophagous scarabaeids(about 29%) and
butterflies (about 25%). However, this is an incorrect view, because most of
the species quoted from the city are actually extinct. Moreover, because rarer
species are typically those that disappear early, urban fauna will be mainly
composed of most tolerant species, which are typically common also in rural
areas. Thus, urban areas are not good candidates to preserve biodiversity. On
the other hand, urban Rome is an important hold for certain species of
conservation concern
Some saproxylic species, such as Oryctes nasicornis or Osmoderma eremita,
are however present on their host plants even if these are out of their natural
plant associations, as in historical villas and sometimes along the urban
streets, but are endangered by garden policy management, such as the
removal of dead trees or interventions made on attacked trunks (Carpaneto
et al., 2010).
Fattorini, 2011.
butterfly species with high dispersal power and
metapopulation dynamics, such as Papilio machaon,
Pieris rapae or Vanessa atalanta, tend to be less
affected by urbanization and are widespread in urban
Rome, because they are able to survive even in very
scattered and small patches of suitable biotopes. In
some cases, habitat alteration caused by urbanization
favoured certain species which are more abundant in
urban Rome than in the adjacent rural areas, such as
Polygonia egea (associated with Parietaria judaica L.,
which is a common plant on walls and ruins) or Papilio
machaon (which feeds on carrots and fennels growing
in disturbed sites and even along the edges of streets).
Another species’ habit that may increase the
probability of persistence in the urban area is the
ability of using different biotopes at different
development stages. For example, nymphalids, such as
Inachis io and Vanessa atlanta, use garages, cellars,
warehouses to overwinter as adults (Zilli, 1998).
Soil, as the component of urban green spaces (UGS) (Setälä et al. [2013]), plays a pivotal role in
maintaining urban ecosystem services, such as biodiversity maintenance, water resources
protection, microclimate regulation, carbon sequestration, food production, and fulfillment of
cultural or recreational needs (Lovell and Taylor [2013]; Neil et al. [2014]; Wu [2014]).
Urban soils are large pools of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements, serving as the foundation of
urban ecosystems by supporting plant growth and sustaining biogeochemical cycles (Pouyat et
al. [2002]). Quantifying soil properties and understanding soil conditions are essential for
assessing ecosystem services provided by UGS and detecting pollution in UGS.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Urban Soils: The Case of the Beijing Metropolitan Region, China. © Mao Q, Huang
G, Buyantuev A, Wu J, Luo S, and Ma K. Ecological Processes 3,23 (2014). doi:10.1186
Topographic and substrate framework on which urban areas grow. Specific characteristics differ by region.
Typically a topographic feature is dominated by a single landform type, formation process, and soil-particle
size.
I topi ringraziano …