LITERATURE

POETRY
LITERATURE
Is a collection of writing in prose
or verse, especially writings
having excellence or form or
expression and expressing ideas of
permanent or universal interest
 POETRY
-It is an art of expressing oneself in verse
-It uses few words to convey its
messages
-It uses imagery or figure of speech to
express feelings or create a mental
picture or idea
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
MEASURE – Involves the counting of
the number of lines and stanzas
(Vertical measure) and the counting of
syllables and feet (Horizontal measure)
HORIZONTAL MEASURE
VERTICAL MEASURE
- Lines are described according to the number of syllables:
Monosyllabic – a line with one syllable Disyllabic – a line with two
syllables
Trisyllabic – 3 syllables Tetrasyllabic – 4 syllables
Pentasyllabic- 5 syllables Hexasyllabic – 6 syllables
Heptasyllabic – 7 syllables Octossylabic -8 syllables
Nonasyllabic – 9 syllables Decasyllabic – 10 syllables
HORIZONTAL MEASURE
When lines are measured according to the number of feet or meters they are
classified as follows:
Monometer – a line with 1 foot
Dimeter – a line with 2 feet
Trimeter – 3 feet
Tetrameter – 4 feet
Pentameter – 5 feet
Hexameter – 6 feet
Heptameter – 7 feet
Octameter – 9 feet
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
RHYME

- Is the presence of words that have

similar or identical final sounds
Types of Rhyme
INTERNAL RHYME

- when the rhyming words are found

within one line an internal rhyme exists.
EXAMPLE OF INTERNAL RHYME
The Raven
by: Edgar Allen Poe

“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary”

While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
Tis some visitor, “ I muttered,” tapping at my chamber door..
TYPES OF RHYME
TERMINAL RHYME

-when the rhyming words are found at

the end of the lines.
EXAMPLE OF INTERNAL RHYME

Bid to me weep, and I will weep

While I have eyes to see
And having none. Yet I will keep
A heart to weep for thee
TYPES OF RHYME
PERFECT RHYME

- occurs when the final sounds of rhyming words are

identical.

Paired words such as choose and loose, death and

breath, rhyme and dime exhibit perfect rhyme
 TYPES OF RHYME
APPROXIMATE RHYME

- occurs when the final sounds of the

rhyming words are similar
Example: Thing and sin, meet and fit, ice
and eyes
 TYPES OF RHYME
EYE RHYME

- occurs when the words have identical final letters

which do not sound the same, thus the words appear to
rhyme

Example;
Lone and done, heroine and entwine, groan and roan
 TYPES OF RHYME
MASCULINE RHYME OR SINGLE RHYME

- occurs when the rhyming words have one

(single) syllable each

Paired words such as: stake and make, main

and sane, maim and same
 TYPES OF RHYME
FEMININE RHYME OR DOUBLE RHYME

- occurs when the rhyming words have two (double)

syllables each and the stress on the first syllable.

Paired words such as: father and mother, loving and

hating, action and station
 TYPES OF RHYME
COMPOUND RHYME

- occurs when the rhyming words are compound

words forming two parts of rhyming words

Paired words such as: fish broth and dishcloth, love

boat and sub note, hair bond and fair land
 TYPES OF RHYME
MONORIME

- exists when all the lines in the stanza have

the same final sound.
-A tanaga, a korido and an awit have
monoriming quatrains with lines of seven,
eight and twelve syllables.
 TYPES OF RHYME
DIRIME

- exists when a stanza have two pairs or

sets of rhyming words, A quatrain Have
a rhyme pattern of abab, abba, aabb,
exhibits dirime
Example:
I think that I shall never see A
a poem lovely as a tree A
poems are made by fool like me B
but only God can make a tree B
 TYPES OF RHYME
TRIRIME

- exist when a stanza has three pairs or sets

of rhyming words.
A sestet having a rhyme pattern of
abcabc, aabbcc, or abccba exhibits tirime
Example:
A mighty creature is the germ……………..A
Through smaller than the pachyderm…..A
His customary dwelling place ………………B
Is deep within the human race ……………..B
His childish child is often places…………….C
By giving people strange diseases………… C
 TYPES OF RHYME
RIME RICHE OR IDENTICAL RHYME

- occurs when the rhyming words are

homonyms.
Paired words such as: steak and stake, main
and mane, pail and pale
 ELEMENTS OF POEM
RHYTHM

- are the regular succession of accented and

unaccented syllables in a line.

It is associated with the metrical feet who are

classified as follows:
METRICAL FEET
IAMB - a foot with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed
syllable
ANAPEST – a foot with two unstressed syllables followed by a
stressed syllables
TROCHEE – a foot with a stressed syllable followed by a an
unstressed syllable
DACTYL – a foot with a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed
syllables
SPONDEE – a foot with two stressed syllables
PYRRHIC FOOT – a foot with two unstressed syllables
 ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
IMAGERY

- is the creation of the picture or

pictures by using words that appeal to
the sense.
TYPES OF IMAGERY:
VISUAL IMAGERY – involves the sense of sight.
OLFACTORY IMAGERY – involves the sense of smell.
GUSTATORY IMAGERY – involves the sense of taste
TACTILE OR TACTUAL IMAGERY - imagery involves the
sense of touch
KINESTHETIC IMAGERY - involves the sense of
movement
THERMAL IMAGERY – involves the sense of heat
 ELEMENTS OF POETRY
SYMBOLISM

- something which represent something

else by association, resemblance, or
convention
 ELEMENTS OF POETRY
FIGURES OF SPEECH

- are those words and phrases

connotatively used by the writer to
communicate an abstract idea or to
produce an effect that words used in their
ordinary or denotative sense can’t produce.