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ON RECEIVING WATERS
INTRODUCTION
Point Sources of Water Pollution; These are the sources in which the
effluents produced are discharged directly into the river or stream.
These include municipal sewage treatment plant discharges and industrial
plant discharges.
SALINITY: The ions responsible for salination are: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and
Cl−. As the Na+ (sodium) predominates, soils can become sodic. Sodic soils
present particular challenges because they tend to reduce plant yield and very
poor soil structure which limits or prevents water infiltration and drainage.
Salinity from irrigation can occur over time wherever irrigation occurs, since
the water contains some dissolved salt.
Heavy metals like( Lead, Copper and Cadmium, etc) when contained in an
irrigation water reduces the fertility of the soil causing reduced production of
plant, sometimes causes death.
EFFECT ON WATER TREATMENT
Oil and Grease Removal; Some industrial effluents contain oil and
grease which makes it hard for the conventional water treatment to
remove these pollutants except some advanced treatments are applied.
Effluent with high organic matter contains low dissolve oxygen in which
a proper aeration must be done before treatment.
MEASURES TO BE TAKEN
Industries must treat their waste before they discharged it to the rivers or
streams.